Supplementation with High Doses of Vitamin D to Subjects without Vitamin D Deficiency May Have Negative Effects: Pooled Data from Four Intervention Trials in Tromsø
Table 2
Delta values (, value at the end of study minus value at baseline) in the four separate studies and pooled together.
Obesity study
Insulin sensitivity study
Bone density study
Depression study
All studies together
Vitamin D
Placebo
Vitamin D
Placebo
Vitamin D
Placebo
Vitamin D
Placebo
Vitamin D
Placebo
All subjects ()
221
112
49
45
134
139
119
109
523
405
BMI (kg/m2)
0.0 (1.2)
0.2 (1.4)
−0.3 (0.9)
−0.1 (1.0)
−0.0 (1.0)
−0.1 (2.1)
0.1 (0.8)
0.1 (0.8)
0.0 (1.0)
0.0 (1.5)
Serum 25(OH)D nmol/L
49.3 (21.7)***
−2.2 (9.5)
100.5 (27.8)***
3.7 (17.5)
114.7 (34.5)***
17.9 (18.8)
100.2 (29.6)***
4.7 (14.2)
82.4 (40.1)***
7.2 (17.3)
Serum calcium (mmol/L)
−0.01 (0.12)
−0.01 (0.11)
−0.06 (0.08)
−0.07 (0.09)
0.02 (0.09)
−0.01 (0.10)
0.02 (0.08)*
−0.01 (0.08)
0.00 (0.10)*
−0.01 (0.10)
Serum PTH (pmol/L)
−0.86 (1.47)**
−0.28 (1.58)
−0.16 (1.42)*
0.67 (1.90)
−1.19 (1.38)***
−0.62 (1.52)
−0.78 (1.25)***
0.19 (1.36)
−0.86 (1.42)***
−0.16 (1.60)
Subjects not on lipid medication ()
214
105
47
42
119
123
112
96
492
366
Serum TC (mmol/L)
−0.12 (0.58)
−0.19 (0.54)
0.01 (0.58)
−0.05 (0.64)
0.18 (0.74)
0.06 (0.78)
−0.12 (0.53)
−0.07 (0.70)
−0.04 (0.62)
−0.06 (0.68)
Serum TG (mmol/L)
0.01 (0.89)
0.07 (0.59)
−0.04 (0.67)
−0.02 (0.81)
0.07 (0.58)
0.02 (0.47)
−0.16 (0.73)
−0.11 (0.62)
−0.02 (0.77)
0.00 (0.59)
Serum HDL-C (mmol/L)
−0.08 (0.17)
−0.09 (0.18)
0.02 (0.19)
−0.01 (0.25)
0.03 (0.25)
−0.04 (0.27)
0.03 (0.17)
0.08 (0.19)
−0.02 (0.20)
−0.02 (0.23)
Serum LDL-C (mmol/L)
−0.26 (0.51)
−0.33 (0.48)
0.07 (0.47)
0.07 (0.54)
−0.02 (0.59)
−0.08 (0.66)
−0.04 (0.47)
−0.01 (0.61)
−0.12 (0.53)
−0.12 (0.60)
Serum Apo A1 (g/L)
0.01 (0.17)
0.00 (0.16)
−0.03 (0.23)
−0.03 (0.21)
0.06 (0.17)
0.04 (0.19)
−0.09 (0.15)
−0.06 (0.16)
−0.01 (0.18)
−0.01 (0.18)
Serum Apo B (g/L)
−0.01 (0.13)
−0.02 (0.13)
−0.06 (0.10)
−0.05 (0.12)
0.01 (0.15)
0.00 (0.15)
−0.04 (0.11)
−0.03 (0.13)
−0.01 (0.13)
−0.02 (0.14)
HbA1c (%)
0.10 (0.22)
0.07 (0.23)
0.12 (0.32)
0.05 (0.29)
−0.11 (0.28)
−0.12 (0.27)
−0.03 (0.20)
−0.01 (0.22)
0.02* (0.26)
−0.02 (0.26)
Serum HS-CRP (mg/L)
0.11 (−0.60, 1.00)
−0.10 (−0.69, 0.88)
−0.04 (−0.54, 0.23)
−0.02 (−0.20, 0.49)
0.02 (−0.22, 0.43)
0.00 (−0.53, 0.31)
−0.06 (−0.41, 0.35)
−0.01 (−0.85, 0.39)
0.02 (−0.47, 0.59)
−0.03 (−0.55, 0.45)
, , and versus placebo group; general linear model adjusted for age, BMI, and gender. Data are shown as mean (SD) or median (25, 75 percentile). BMI: body mass index; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; PTH: parathyroid hormone; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: HDL cholesterol; LDL-C: LDL cholesterol; Apo A1: apolipoprotein A1; Apo B: apolipoprotein B; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; HS-CRP: high sensitivity C-reactive protein.
