Carbon and Water in Upper Montane Soils and Their Influences on Vegetation in Southern Brazil

Table 4

Soil carbon stocks in different forest and grassland ecosystems.

Location	Coord. (Aprox.)	Altitude; (m a.s.l.)	Soil/lithology	Vegetation	Temp, annual; average (°C)	Rainfall; (mm)	Carbon stock; (Mg ha^−1 ± SE)	Author
Sehestedt, Germany	51°17′N; 10°39′E	280	Vertisols, limestone	Managed grassland	8.0	550	86 ± 1.7	Don et al. [13]
Kaltenborn, Germany	50°47′N; 10°14′E	335	Quartzipsamments, sandstone	Managed grassland	8.0	650	48 ± 1.3	Don et al. [13]
		2390–2800	Andosols, volcanic rocks	Afromontane forest	12.1	985	326 ± 2.2	Yimer et al. [17]
Bale, Ethiopia; Mountains	6°45′N; 39°45′E	2800–3250	Andosols, volcanic rocks	Afromontane forest	9.2 a 12.1	985	364 ± 2.2	Yimer et al. [17]
		3580+	Andosols, volcanic rocks	Subalpine shrub physiognomy	9.2	985	460 ± 2.2	Yimer et al. [17]
Pyrenees Mountains,; France and Spain	42°50′N; 0°40′S	1845–2900	Granites, slates, and limestones	Alpine and subalpine grasslands	−0.7 a 5	1416 a 1904	153 ± 0.9	Garcia-Pausas et al. [19]
Diverse	—	—	1 m	Tropical forest	—	—	186 ± 104**	Jobbágy and Jackson [2]
Diverse	—	—	1 m	Tropical grassland and Savanna	—	—	132 ± 87**	Jobbágy and Jackson [2]
Amazon region, Brazil	—	—	Mineral soils; (lato. agri. cambi. gleysols, etc.)	Forests	—	—	98	Batjes and Dijkshoorn [16]
	—	—	Quartzipsamments		—	—	40	Batjes and Dijkshoorn [16]
	—	—	Histosols		—	—	724	Batjes and Dijkshoorn [16]
Juruema, Amazon, Brazil	10°28′S; 58°28′W	260	Xingu complex, agri, and latosols	Dense rainforest	24	2200	60 ± 10.3	Novaes Filho et al. [18]
Amazon region, Brazil	—	—	—	Dense rainforest	—	—	103	Britez et al. [42]
Many studies in South; and Southeastern Brazil	—	—	—	Grassland	—	—	79	Britez et al. [42]
	—	—	—	Mixed rainforest	—	—	71	Britez et al. [42]
	—	—	—	Dense rainforest	20.9	—	61	Britez et al. [42]
	—	—	—	Seasonal semideciduous forest	—	—	37	Britez et al. [42]
Cachoeira reserve, Antonina,; southern Brazil	29°19′′S; 48°42′′W	20	Haplic cambisols	pasture	20.9	2400	98.5 ± 15.4**	Balbinot [43]
				Herbaceous			118.5 ± 14.1**	Balbinot [43]
				Early successional dense rainforest			113.7 ± 17.8**	Balbinot [43]
				Medium successional dense rainforest; late successional submontane dense rainforest			100.7 ± 18.1**	Balbinot [43]
							102.0 ± 19.1	Balbinot [43]
Igreja Mountain, Paraná range,; southern Brazil	25°36′S; 48°51′W	1335	Histosols, granite	High-altitude grassland	13.4	>2000	314 ± 17.2	Scheer et al. [7]
		1325	Gleysols,; granite	Upper montane dense rain/cloud forest	13.4	>2000	217 ± 10.3	Scheer et al. [7]
Ibitiraquire Mountain, Paraná range,; southern Brazil	25°14′S; 48°49′W	1830	Lythic histosols, granite	High-altitude grassland	10.7	>2000	260 ± 32.7	This study*
		1810	Typic histosols,; granite	High-altitude grassland	10.7	>2000	462.3 ± 26.8	This study*
		1790	Regosols and gleysols,; granite	Upper montane dense rain/cloud forest	10.7	>2000	158 ± 24.9	This study*