Blood Pressure Variability: Prognostic Value and Therapeutic Implications

Table 5

Long-term blood pressure variability and target organ damage and cardiovascular events in patients.

Study	Study population	Blood pressure variability index	Outcome
Kikuya et al. [50]	General population	Day-to-day systolic BPV	Increased hazard ratios for cardiovascular and stroke mortality
Muntner et al. [51]	General population	Visit-to-visit systolic BPV	Increased all-cause mortality
Johansson et al. [52]	General population	Day-to-day morning systolic BPV	Increased rate of cardiovascular events
Hsieh et al. [53]	Patients with type 2 diabetes	Visit-to-visit systolic and diastolic BPV	Increased all-cause mortality
Ushigome et al. [54]	Patients with type 2 diabetes	Day-to-day systolic and diastolic BPV	Development of macroalbuminuria
Kilpatrick et al. [55]	Patients with type 1 diabetes	Annual visit-to-visit BPV	Development or progression of nephropathy
Di Iorio et al. [56]	Subjects with chronic renal failure	Visit-to-visit systolic BPV	Elevated risk of death
Yokota et al. [57]	Patients with nondiabetic chronic kidney disease	Visit-to-visit systolic BPV	Deterioration of renal function
Di Iorio et al. [58]	Patients with end stage renal disease under hemodialysis	Dialysis-to-dialysis BPV	Increased cardiovascular mortality