Modulation of Vitamin D Status and Dietary Calcium Affects Bone Mineral Density and Mineral Metabolism in Göttingen Minipigs

Table 4

Cross-sectional effects of calcium and vitamin D deficiency osteomalacia on chemical composition, material properties, in vivo BMD, and morphology in bone specimen at 𝑡15.

	Control (𝑛=9)		CaD(−) (𝑛=10)
	Mean	SEM	Mean	SEM
4th lumbar vertebra
Bone wet weight (mg)^b	594	17	550	16^[a]
Bone dry weight (mg)^b	350	12	318	12^[a]
Organic matter (mg)^b	143	7	133	5
Calcium (mg)^b	128.7	4.1	125.1	2.9
Phosphorus (mg)^b	59.6	2.1	57.5	1.3
Fat (mg)^c,d	8.3	1.4	9.3	1.3
Young’s modulus (MPa)	1952	145	1793	150
Breaking load (N)	1118	80	973	72
Ultimate stress (MPa)	25.3	1.8	22.0	1.6
2nd lumbar vertebra
BMD^e (mg/cm^3)	447.5	20.9	404.5	17.2
BV/TV (%)	34.0	3.1	30.7	1.8
BMD/(BV/TV)^f (g/mL)	1.4	0.2	1.3	0.3
Tb.Wi (µm)	121.6	10.7	106.4	7.1
Tb.Sp (µm)	245.4	26.0	242.5	15.0
Ob.S/BS (%)	4.0	2.1	6.4	2.8
N.Oc/BS (p.mm)	0.8	0.2	1.0	0.3

Mean values and standard error of the mean. The chemical composition and material properties were determined on the same cylindrical specimen. The 2nd lumbar vertebrae were analysed morphologically (𝑛=8--10). BV/TV: bone volume/tissue volume; BMD: bone mineral density; Tb.Wi: trabecular width; Tb.Sp: trabecular separation; Ob.S/BS: osteoblast surface/bone surface; N.Oc/BS: number of osteoclasts/bone surface. None of the differences reached statistical significance, ^[a]𝑃≤0.1. ^bmg/cylindrical sample; ^cmg/100 mg bone wet weight; ^din the last breast vertebra; ^ein vivo in L1–L3; ^findicates mineralisation of bone tissue.