Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACEIs) and Angiotensin-Receptor Blockers (ARBs) in Patients at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events: A Meta-Analysis of 10 Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials

Table 1

Baseline characteristic of patients in trials.

Trial	HOPE	PROGRESS	QUIET	EUROPA	CAMELOT	PEACE	JIKEI	TRANSCEND	PROFESS	NAVIGATOR
Year	2000	2001	2001	2003	2004	2004	2007	2008	2008	2010
Patient type	High risk	CVD	CAD	CAD	CAD	CAD	High risk	High risk	CVD	High risk
Number	9297	6105	1750	12218	1991	8290	3081	5926	20332	9306
FU (yr)	5	3.9	2.3	4.2	2	4.8	3.1	4.7	2.5	5.0
ACE/ARB dose	rami 10	perin 8	quina 20	perin 8	ena 20	tran 4	val 40–160	tel 80	tel 80	val 80–160
Mean age (yr)	66	64	58	60	58	64	65	67	66	64
BP (mmHg)	139/79	147/86	123/74	137/82	129/78	133/78	139/81	141/82	144/84	140/83
BMI	28	NS	NS	NS	30	NS	24	28	27	31
Sex (F %)	27	30	18	15	26	18	34	43	36	51
% CAD	80	16	100	100	100	100	34	75	NS	24
% CVD	11	100	NS	3	4	7	NS	22	100	3
% PAD	44	NS	NS	7	NS	NS	NS	11	NS	3
% DM	38	12	16	12	18	17	20	36	28	0
% HBP	47	48	47	27	60	46	88	76	74	78
% Smoking	14	20	22	NS	26	15	17	10	21	11

Yr: year; F: female; ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD: coronary artery disease; CVD: cerebrovascular disease; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; HBP: hypertension; NS: not significant; rami: ramipril; perin: perindopril; quina: quinapril; ena: enalapril; tran: trandolapril; val: valsartan; tel: telmisartan.
HOPE: heart outcomes prevention evaluation; PROGRESS: perindopril protection against recurrent stroke study; QUIET: quinapril ischemic event trial; EUROPA: European trial on reduction of cardiac events with perindopril in stable coronary artery disease; CAMELOT: comparison of amlodipine versus enalapril to limit occurrences of thrombosis; PEACE: prevention of events with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; JIKEI: valsartan in a Japanese population with hypertension and other cardiovascular disease; TRANSCEND: telmisartan randomized assessment study in ace-intolerant subjects with cardiovascular disease; PROFESS: telmisartan to prevent recurrent stroke and cardiovascular events; NAVIGATOR: nateglinide and valsartan in impaired glucose tolerance outcomes research.