Modeling of Homogeneous Mixture Formation and Combustion in GDI Engine with Negative Valve Overlap

Figure 13

Contours of iso-octane mass fractions with velocity vector at 10°bBDC (left) and 90°aBDC (right) for (a)𝑥valve lift and (b) 1.5𝑥valve lift.

(a)

(b)