An Emerging Dimension in Psychosomatic Research: The Nocebo Phenomenon in the Management of Chronic Pain

Table 1

Differences between intensity of pain (NRS) and pain threshold in the sample distinguished by nocebo response.

	Patients with nocebo; response (𝑛=37)		Patients without nocebo; response (𝑛=49)		𝑡 value	𝑃
	xM	sD	xM	sD
NRS	8.08	1.65	6.98	1.96	2.75	0.007
Cold pain threshold (sec)	14.75	11.90	27.22	30.49	2.18	0.032

NRS: numerical rating scale; Nocebo response: when a sum (∑) of mean of pain rating scoring of each of the 5 steps is > 0.