Review Article

Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Clinical Review

Table 2

Mode of administration, chemical structure, lipophilicity ( ), and half time ( ) of anticholinergics.

CompoundMode of administrationChemical structure

IpratropiumInhalation (MDI, solution)582807.tab.002a0.89 to −1.82 (calculated)2–4 hours
TiotropiumInhalation (DPI)582807.tab.002b−.055–−1.765–6 days
OxitropiumInhalation (MDI, solution)582807.tab.002c−2.353–6 hours