Markers of Cardiovascular Risk in Postmenopausal Women with Type 2 Diabetes Are Improved by the Daily Consumption of Almonds or Sunflower Kernels: A Feeding Study

Table 3

Effect of the almond and sunflower kernel diets on fasting concentrations of blood glucose, HbA1c, and insulin.

	Diet	Baseline mean (SD)	Final mean (SD)	Difference (95% CI)	𝑃 value
Glucose (mmoL/L)^†	Almond	8.13 (4.63–15.41)	7.41 (4.87–13.12)	1.00 (0.95, 1.04)^‡	0.851
	Sunflower	8.19 (5.03–16.48)	7.38 (4.89–15.15)
HbA1c (%)	Almond	6.58 (1.24)	6.41 (1.20)	−0.02 (−0.20, 0.15)	0.791
	Sunflower	6.64 (1.33)	6.42 (1.27)
Insulin (𝜇IU/mL)^†	Almond	5.13 (1.2–30.1)	4.22 (1.0–27.4)	0.87 (0.67, 1.12)^‡	0.276
	Sunflower	5.40 (0.9–95.2)	3.78 (0.9–16.0)

Values are adjusted for baseline and order, ^†results are presented as geometric mean and range, ^‡results are presented as ratio of the geometric means, and 𝑃 values are for the difference between AD and SKD.