Antimutagenic and Antiapoptotic Effects of Aqueous Root Extract of Inula racemosa Hook. f. on 4-NQO-Induced Genetic Damage in Mice

Table 1

Antimutagenic effect of aqueous root extract of Inula racemosa on 4-NQO-induced genetic damage in mice.

Treatment; (mg/kg bwt)	MnPCEs/2500 PCEs	PCE/NCE	Decrease; (%)
Control (DDW)	14.29±0.32	1.32	—
ARE (400)	13.15±1.05	1.45	—
4-NQO (7.5)	67.12±4.93^a∗∗∗	0.75	100.00
ARE (100) + 4-NQO	40.71±2.76^b∗∗∗	0.97	39.35
ARE (200) + 4-NQO	31.93±1.03^b∗∗∗	1.15	52.43
ARE (400) + 4-NQO	18.56±1.80^b∗∗∗	1.05	72.35

ARE: aqueous root extract; mean ± standard error (𝑛=6); 4-NQO: 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide; 2500 PCEs/mice; MnPCEs: micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes; NCE: normalchromatic erythrocytes; significant difference at ***𝑃<0.001 and *𝑃<0.05 (Student-Newman-Keuls); “a” stands for comparison with control group; “b” stands for comparison with 4-NQO alone group.