Association of Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors “Results from a Community Based Study on 5900 Adult Subjects”

Table 4

Association of oral health indicators with other CVD risk factors using multivariate adjusted regression.

CVD risk factors	Oral health indicators
	Presence of plaque		GI scores (moderate and severe)		CPI scores (3 and 4)
	Crude RR; P value	Adjusted RR^ð; (95% CL); P value	Crude RR P value	Adjusted RR^∞ (95% CL); P value	Crude RR; P value	AdjustedRR^§; (95% CL); P value
Male*	1.0	1.0 (0.99–1.00)	0.96	0.93	1.06	1.05
Female	0.9	0.9	0.02	0.001	0.6	0.8
Age 15–24*
25–34	0.99; 0.08	0.99 (0.98–1.00); 0.09	1.54; <0.0001	1.54 (1.40–1.7); <0.0001	1.26; 0.5	1.27 (0.51–3.15); 0.6
35–44	0.99; 0.2	0.99 (0.98–1.00); 0.3	1.81; <0.0001	1.80 (1.64–1.97); <0.0001	3.10; <0.0001	2.7 (1.16–6.65); 0.02
45–54	0.98; 0.001	0.98 (0.97–0.99); 0.00	1.85; <0.0001	1.83 (1.67–2.01); <0.0001	2.90; 0.001	2.42 (1.00–5.85); 0.04
55–64	0.99; 0.04	0.99 (0.98–1.00); 0.13	1.91; <0.0001	1.89 (1.73–2.07); <0.0001	4.81; <0.0001	3.88 (1.60–9.38); 0.003
65–74	0.99; 0.2	0.99 (0.97–1.01); 0.5	1.92; <0.0001	1.87 (1.69–2.07); <0.0001	4.13; <0.0001	3.25 (1.25–8.40); 0.01
Cigarette smoking
No*	0.99	0.99 (0.99–1.00)	1.13	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	1.52	1.49 (1.38–1.55)
Yes	0.1	0.02	<0.0001	0.17	0.02	0.05
Opium addiction
Never* Dependent	0.99; <0.0001	0.99 (0.991–0.997); 0.00	1.18; <0.0001	1.01 (0.96–1.06); 0.4	1.53; 0.06	1.04 (0.63–1.68); 0.9
On occasion	0.99; <0.0001	0.99 (0991–0.997); 0.00	1.10; 0.002	0.97 (0.92–1.04); 0.5	1.31; 0.3	1 (0.59–1.67); 0.9
Raised FBS	0.99	0.99	1.14	1.01 (0.97–1.05)	2.01	1.41 (1.01–1.95)
	0.3	0.2	<0.0001	0.4	<0.0001	0.04
Triglyceridemia; (TG > 200)	0.99	0.998 (0.994–1.00)	1.07	0.97 (0.93–1.01)	1.31	0.99 (0.73–1.33)
	0.2	0.6	<0.0001	0.18	0.06	0.9
Cholesterolemia; (Chl > 200)	0.99	0.998 (0.993–1.00)	1.13	1.01 (0.98–1.04)	0.95	0.68 (0.65–0.720)
	0.08	0.4	<0.0001	0.3	0.7	0.006
Overweight and obesity; (BMI ≥ 30)	0.99	0.999 (0.994–1.00)	1.04	0.97 (0.94–1.01)	1.50	1.14 (0.85–1.50)
	0.3	0.9	0.01	0.1	0.003	0.4
Anxiety (yes)	1	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	1	1.02 (0.98–1.06)	N/A	N/A
	0.1	0.08	0.9	0.2
Depression (yes)	0.99	0.997 (0.992–1.00)	0.96	0.99 (0.96–1.03)	N/A	N/A
	0.03	0.2	0.6	0.9

∗Reference group.
ðAdjustment for age, nutrition, education, and addiction status.
∞Adjustment for age, sex, smoking and addiction status, and nutrition.
§Adjustment for age, job, education, addiction, BMI, FBS, and lipid status.
N/A: not available.