Human Herpesvirus 6 and Neuroinflammation

Table 1

Modulation of the immune response by HHV-6A and HHV-6B in different cell types.

Cell type	HHV-6A	HHV-6B	References
Lymphoid cells
PBMC	↗ IL-1β ^b, TNFα ^b, IFNα ^b, IL-10, IL-15; ↘ IL-12, IFNγ, IL-2		[29, 41–43]
T cells (primary and cell lines)	↗ IL-18, IL-2R, IFNγR, CCL-2; ↘ IL-10, IL-14, IL-10R, IL-13R, IL-2	↗ IL-18, IL-2R; ↘ IL-10, IL-14, IL-10R, IL-13R	[29, 44, 45]
NK cells	↗ IL-15, cytotoxicity		[46]
Monocytes (primary and cell lines)	↗ TNFα, IL-10, IL-12, IL-15		[47, 48, 126]
Tonsillar cells (ex vivo)	↗ CCL-5	↗ CCL-5	[50, 51]
Dendritic cells	↘ maturation^b, IL-12^b	↗ IFNλ-1^b; ↘ maturation^b, IL-12^b	[40, 49]
Macrophages	↘ IL-12		[39]
Brain cells
Astrocytes (primary and cell line)	↗ CCL-5, CCL-2, IL-6, CXCL-2, CCL-3, IL-1β, GM-CSF, CXCL-6, IL-10, TNFα, IL-7R; ↘ CCR-2	↗ IL-6^b, IL-1β ^b	[45, 127]
Other cell types
Endothelial cells	↗ CCL-5, CXCL-8, CCL-2		[52, 53]
Hepatoma cells	↗ CXCL-8^a		[54]

↗: enhanced production; ↘: inhibited production.
^aReplication-dependent effect; ^breplication-independent effect.