Review Article

Computational Methods for Fracture in Brittle and Quasi-Brittle Solids: State-of-the-Art Review and Future Perspectives

Figure 16

(a) and (b) Crack length that approach the local element size cannot be accurately represented by the standard XFEM approximation. Dots denote single enriched nodes and squares denote double (in our case, the node will contain the enrichment of two-crack tips) enriched nodes; (c) the dashed line shows the effective crack length; (d) even if no crack tip enrichment is used, in order to close the crack within a single element, no nodes have to be enriched with a step function.
849231.fig.0016a
(a)
849231.fig.0016b
(b)
849231.fig.0016c
(c) effective crack length
849231.fig.0016d
(d)