Current Bancroftian Filariasis Elimination on Thailand-Myanmar Border: Public Health Challenges toward Postgenomic MDA Evaluation

Figure 4

Border bancroftian filariasis settings and dynamics. A cyclic transmission of nocturnally subperiodic W. bancrofti in an endemic population in a pocket village on the Thai-Myanmar border (a) occurs with a number of microfilaremic carriers (b), a less number of cases with chronic lymphatic pathology, commonly hydrocele in adult males older than 30 years (c), and a density of potent Aedes niveus vector in transmission focus (d). However, its transmission dynamic is dependent on human-vector combinations underlying border crossings, human settlements with per se breeding sites and forest activities, behavioral risks, and discontinuing treatment.