A Method for Visualization of Fine Retinal Vascular Pulsation Using Nonmydriatic Fundus Camera Synchronized with Electrocardiogram

Table 2

Average pulsation of retinal vasculature without visualization at different cardiac cycle points for 12 subjects.

	Cardiac cycle point	Mean (SD) (μm)	𝑃 value^†	Variations* (μm)	Max–Min (μm)
Individual arterioles caliber	1	90.6 (10.0)		Ref.
	2	91.2 (9.8)		0.6
	3	90.4 (10.3)		0.2
	4	91.3 (9.4)	0.699	0.7	1.2
	5	90.8 (9.1)		0.2
	6	90.5 (8.7)		0.1
	7	90.1 (9.7)		0.5
	8	90.8 (9.9)		0.2
Individual venules caliber	1	111.9 (12.6)		Ref.
	2	111.4 (11.7)		0.5
	3	111.6 (13.1)		0.3
	4	113.0 (13.2)	0.211	1.1	1.9
	5	112.1 (12.9)		0.2
	6	113.3 (12.5)		1.4
	7	112.0 (14.3)		0.1
	8	112.3 (13.6)		0.4

*Absolute value compared to cycle point 1; ^†overall 𝑃 value for variations.