Skin Photoaging and the Role of Antioxidants in Its Prevention

Table 3

Exogenous antioxidants with no protective/beneficial effects.

Antioxidant	Outcome of the study (nonbeneficial results)	Study
Lycopene	Lycopene enhances UVA-induced oxidative stress in C3H cells	Yeh et al., 2005 [95]
Carotenoids	Carotenoids were not protective against DNA lesions repairable by excision repair	Wolf et al., 1988 [96]
	No significant change in the intensity of erythema; no effects of supplementation	Garmyn et al., 1995 [97]
	No significant difference between the beta-carotene and placebo groups in incidence of cancer	Green et al., 1999 [98]
	No significant effect of 𝛽-carotene on either number or time of occurrence of new nonmelanoma skin cancer	Greenberg et al., 1990 [99]
	An average of 12 years of supplementation with beta-carotene does not affect the development of a first NMSC	Frieling et al., 2000 [100]
	Supplementation with 𝛽-carotene produced no reduction of the incidence of malignant neoplasms	Hennekens et al., 1996 [101]