Differential Prognostic Indicators for Locoregional Recurrence, Distant Recurrence, and Death of Breast Cancer

Table 2

Effect (hazard ratio, HR) of clinical profiles and treatment on locoregional recurrence, distance recurrence, and death in breast cancer (𝑛=829), univariable analysis.

Prognostic factors	Locoregional recurrence		Distant recurrence		Death
	HR (95%CI)	𝑃 value	HR (95%CI)	𝑃 value	HR (95%CI)	𝑃 value
Age (year)
>45 versus ≤45	0.91 (0.57–1.46)	0.696	0.64 (0.44–0.94)	0.022	1.01 (0.69–1.49)	0.942
Types of surgery
Simple mastectomy and BCS versus MRM	0.85 (0.62–2.21)	0.609	1.41 (0.73– 2.70)	0.305	1.08 (0.62–1.88)	0.792
Pathological tumor size (cm)
>2 versus ≤2	1.85 (1.14–2.99)	0.012	1.99 (1.30–3.04)	0.001	2.12 (1.42–3.16)	<0.001
Histological type
Ductal CA versus lobular CA and other types	5.04 (0.70– 36.19)	0.108	3.32 (0.82–13.44)	0.093	2.40 (0.76–7.54)	0.135
Histological grade
II and III versus I	2.21 (1.06–4.59)	0.033	1.84 (1.01–3.35)	0.047	2.04 (1.15–3.63)	0.015
Stage
3 versus 1 and 2	3.56 (2.21–5.75)	<0.001	5.06 (3.43–7.46)	<0.001	4.53 (3.14–6.52)	<0.001
Dissected axillary lymph nodes
≥10 versus <10	0.81 (0.49–1.34)	0.408	0.86 (0.55–1.35)	0.514	0.81 (0.54–1.21)	0.297
Positive axillary lymph nodes
>3 versus ≤3	4.53 (2.89–7.10)	<0.001	4.93 (3.35–7.27)	<0.001	4.85 (3.39–6.92)	<0.001
LVI
Present versus absent	3.42 (2.11–5.58)	<0.001	3.66 (2.40–5.59)	<0.001	4.35 (2.88–6.57)	<0.001
Receptor status
ER receptor
Negative versus positive	1.49 (0.96–2.31)	0.079	2.05 (1.40–2.99)	<0.001	1.64 (1.15–2.34)	0.006
PR receptor
Negative versus positive	1.24 (0.80–1.92)	0.339	1.84 (1.25–2.71)	0.002	1.57 (1.10–2.24)	0.012
HER2 receptor
Negative versus positive	0.60 (0.37–0.96)	0.033	0.89 (0.60–1.32)	0.553	0.80 (0.55–1.15)	0.225
Treatment
Radiotherapy
Yes versus no	2.17 (1.42–3.35)	<0.001	4.35 (2.93–6.47)	<0.001	2.72 (1.91–3.86)	<0.001
Hormonal therapy
Yes versus no	0.64 (0.41–0.99)	0.044	0.45 (0.31–0.65)	<0.001	0.58 (0.41–0.82)	0.002
Chemotherapy
Yes versus no	3.78 (1.19–11.96)	0.024	2.99 (1.22–7.34)	0.017	0.97 (0.57–1.64)	0.907

MRM: modified radical mastectomy; BCS: breast-conserving surgery; LVI: lymphovascular invasion; ER: estrogen receptor; PR: progesterone receptor; HER2: Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2.