Research Article
Prevalence and Risk Indicators for Anal Incontinence among Pregnant Women
Table 1
Anal incontinence defined in St. Mark’s score in subgroups of women. Values are given in frequencies (numbers) or mean/median.
| | | Nulliparous () | Parous () | | | St. Mark’s
0–2 | St. Mark’s
3–16 | St. Mark’s
0–2 | St. Mark’s
3–16 |
| | Number of women | 1653 | 139 | 824 | 90
| | Born in | | | Western country (Western Europe, North America,
Oceania) | 93.2 () | 6.8 () | 91.6 () | 8.4 () | Non-Western country (Asia, Africa, Eastern-Europe,
Turkey, or South or Central America) | 86.1 () | 13.9 () | 81.7 () | 18.3 () | | Household income, USD | | | | 91,000 or more | 93.2 () | 6.8 () | 92.0 () | 8.0 () | | Less than 91,000 | 90.0 () | 10.0 () | 82.9 () | 17.1 () | | Marital status | | | | Married | 92.8 () | 7.2 () | 89.7 () | 10.3 () | | Cohabitating | 92.6 () | 7.4 () | 93.0 () | 7.0 () | | Unmarried/living alone/single | 82.5 () | 17.5 () | 75 () | 25 () | | Maternal educational level | | | | University 5 years or more | 93.1 () | 7.7 () | 93.2 () | 6.8 () | | College/University 4 years | 93.2 () | 6.8 () | 90.5 () | 9.5 () | | High school | 91.3 () | 8.8 () | 84.5 () | 15.5 () | | Elementary/secondary school | 69.8 () | 30.2 () | 81.3 () | 18.8 () | | Working | | | | Full-time, more than 90% | 92.5 () | 7.5 () | 91.3 () | 8.7 () | | Part-time 40–90%, sick-leave, studying, housewife | 93.4 () | 6.6 () | 87.3 () | 12.7 () | | Maternal age mean/median (years) | 30.1/30.0 | 30.6/30.0 | 33.0/33.0 | 32.9/34.0 | | Maternal age | | | | Less than 35 years | 92.8 () | 7.2 () | 90.3 () | 9.7 () | | 35 or more years | 89 () | 11.0 () | 89.9 () | 10.1 () | | BMI, mean | 23.6 | 23.8 | 23.6 | 24.7 | | BMI | | | | 16–24.9 | 92.4 () | 7.6 () | 91.7 () | 8.3 () | | 25–44.4 | 91.7 () | 8.3 () | 86.9 () | 13.1 () | | Smoking | | | | No | 92.3 () | 7.7 () | 90.1 () | 9.9 () | | Yes | 92.7 () | 7.3 () | 92.9 () | 7.1 () | | Pregnancy duration when answered | | | | First trimester (6–12 weeks) | 88.4 () | 11.6 () | 93.9 () | 6.1 () | | Second or third trimester (13–38) | 92.5 () | 7.5 () | 89.7 () | 10.3 () | | Obstetrical history | | | | | | OASIS | | | | | No | | | 90.8 () | 9.2 () | | Yes | | | 75.6 () | 24.4 () |
|
|
