| | S. number | Diseases | Biomarkers | Source of biomarkers |
| | (1) | Autoimmune diseases
(1) Sjogren’s syndrome
(2) Multiple sclerosis
(3) Sarcoidosis | Lactoferrin, beta 2 microglobulin, lysozyme C, cystatin C, salivary amylase, and carbonic anhydrase
IgA production
Alpha-amylase and kallikrein | Saliva |
| | (2) | Bone turnover markers | Body mass index, D-PYR, OC concentration, calcaneus T scores, hepatocyte growth factor, interleukin-1 beta, salivary osteonectin, and ALP activity | Serum and saliva |
| | (3) | Cardiovascular markers | Cardiac troponins, C-reactive protein, myoglobin, myeloperoxidase, ICAM-1, CD 40, and salivary lysozyme | Serum and saliva |
| | (4) | Dental caries and periodontal diseases | Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli count, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, albumin, pIgR, Arp 3, CA VI, IL-1Ra, PLS-2, LEI, and IGJ | Saliva |
| | (5) | Diseases of the adrenal cortex | Salivary cortisol | |
| | (6) | Drug level monitoring | Nicotine, cannabinoids, cocaine, phencyclidine, opioids, barbiturates, diazepines, amphetamines, ethanol, cotinine, methamphetamine, endogenous γ-hydroxybutyric acid, and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine | Serum and saliva |
| | (7) | Forensic evidence | Blood group antigens and DNA testing | Saliva |
| | (8) | Genetic disorders
(1) Cystic fibrosis
(2) Ectodermal dysplasia | Cathepsin-D, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and lactate dehydrogenase
Inorganic constituents, total protein | Saliva |
| | (9) | Infections
(1) Viral infections
(2) Bacterial infections
(3) Fungal infections | Measles virus-specific IgM
HIV—HIV-1, HIV-2—antibodies, salivary proteins
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MUC 5B, and MUC 7
Candidiasis immunoglobulins, Hsp 70, and calprotectin, histatins, mucins, basic proline rich proteins, and peroxidases | Serum and saliva |
| | (10) | Malignancy | lnc RNA, miRNA, CCNI, EGFR, FGF19, FRS2 and GREB1, AGPAT1, B2M, BASP2, IER3, and IL1B, p53, CA15-3, C-erb2, CA 125, FGF 2, PSA, cortisol, lactate dehydrogenase, silver nitrate and nitrite, and salivary adenosine deaminase | Serum and saliva |
| | (11) | Occupational and environmental medicine | Salivary cortisol, IgA, lysozyme, chromogranin, alpha-amylase, lead, and cadmium | Serum and saliva |
| | (12) | Psychological research | Salivary amylase, cortisol, substance P, lysozyme, secretory IgG, and testosterone | Saliva |
| | (13) | Renal diseases | Cortisol, nitrite, uric acid, sodium chloride, pH, alpha-amylase, and lactoferrin. Salivary phosphate, serum creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate | Serum and saliva |
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