Clinical Study

Tualang Honey Supplementation Reduces Blood Oxidative Stress Levels/Activities in Postmenopausal Women

Table 2

Blood oxidative stress level/activity of the participants at pre- and postinterventions.

MarkersTH ( )EPT ( )
PrePostPrePost

Blood GSH : GSSG ratio25.2 (7.6)39.7 (11.5)32.7 (8.0)22.4 (6.9)
Plasma SOD (U/mL)0.068 (0.005)0.060 (0.005)0.068 (0.006)0.069 (0.005)
Plasma CAT (nmol/min/mL)4.1 (0.5)5.6 (0.5)a4.1 (0.4)6.4 (0.5)a
Plasma GPx (nmol/min/mL)75.3 (5.5)90.1 (6.5)a83.5 (5.7)105.8 (8.3)a
Plasma 4-HNE (μg/mL)3.6 (0.23)3.1 (0.23)a3.4 (0.28)2.6 (0.24)a

Values are expressed as mean (SEM). TH: Tualang honey; EPT: estrogen progestin therapy; GSH : GSSG: ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione; GPx: glutathione peroxidase; 4-HNE: 4-hydroxynonenal; CAT: catalase; SOD: superoxide dismutase. Statistical comparisons were made between pre- and postinterventions using paired t-test, and was considered statistically significant.