Research Article

Is Cut-Flower Industry Promotion by the Government Negatively Affecting Pollinator Biodiversity and Environmental/Human Health in Uganda?

Table 17

Perceived problems of having a flower farm in the village.

Statement no.Question: Do you have any problem with the presence of the flower farm in the village?Frequency (%) of reasons/statements

1 I doubt if a single animal/insect will survive where that chemically-enriched waste soil has been dumped by flower farm2.31
2 My animals have been seek ever since the farm came around0.77
3 Papaw/avocado/pumpkin/mango flowers are aborting; even the few that formed fruits started rotting on the tree before the fruit is mature 1.55
4 People working for a long time (2–5 years) get contaminated by chemicals and eventually died when they came out from work 1.55
5 Ever since this flower farm come around, we are experiencing yield loss and abnormal (reduction) crop production 1.54
6A flower farm should never be placed near people because the chemical sprays travel towards our village (>3 Km) up to inside our homestead and children get respiratory diseases0.77
7All our crops these days seek and can't breathe properly because of chemicals they apply there0.77
8Avocado, mango, papaw, and pumpkin are ripening/falling down earlier and are not tasty, ever since the flower farm came around0.77
9 Avocado/mangos don't look good anymore since the establishment of the flower farm, may be because of the pesticides they spray which are poisons 1.54
10Bees are moving away from the flower farm to our villages these days, crops near flower farms suffer0.77
11Cassava is stunt; other fruits are rotting these days due to chemicals; it used not be like that0.77
12Chemical dumped/deposited, at flower farm edge, during night hours, has a strong smell for >6 months0.77
13Chemical of the flower farm is dangerous to humans/livestock/wildlife because can't guarantee keeping polluted water there everyday0.77
14Chemical sprays from the flower farm smell alot in our village and they kill flowers of our crops0.77
15Chemicals sprayed daily from the flower farm have reduced the bee population in our village1.54
16Chemicals sprayed leave the flower farm and move in the air and we smell them too much; my kids fall sick regularly0.77
17Emerging pests and diseases in many crops may be due to fume from the flower farm0.77
18 Every time the river/swamp water-enriched with water from the flower farm crosses my gardens, I harvestno fruits (egg plants/tomato) 3.80
19Few crops are not very affected by these chemicals, but for most crops their yields are reducing dramatically0.77
20 Flower farm dump regularly chemical wastes into the rivers around our villages and this kills fish 1.54
21 Crop flowers are quickly aborting and few formed fruits (mangos, avocado, papaw) do not taste well anymore0.77
22From most crops, few flowers are turning into fruits/seeds these days ever since the flower farm was established around0.77
23Fruit rotting problem started some 3 to 5 years ago; these days, no more good fruits; most of them are rotting0.77
24Fumes sprayed in the flower farm kill bees and other animals in the nature around because they smell strongly0.77
25 I am convinced that bees disappearing in the village is due to toxic pesticides applied in the flower farm 3.08
26I am not affected in my farming business by any activities around the flower farm0.77
27I am now abandoning growing fruit tree crops because they will not give good fruits or if a fruit comes, it is of low quality0.77
28I believe that the flower farm chemicals must have contributed to reduced yields and to poor yield performance of crops0.77
29I do not think chemicals sprayed in the flower farm are dangerous to our crops or to bees0.77
30 I have no problem with the flower farm, either they are there or not I benefit or lose nothing 5.38
31I have no problem, either they are there or not, it does not matter to me0.77
32 I regularly see dead fish on the edge of the river that cross the flower farm into our village 3.08
33 I regularly see vehicles moving at night from the flower farm dumping smelly chemicals near our village 2.31
34 I see no problem may be because I am a migrant worker, but one from this village has always complained about bees declining (disappearance) 2.31
35I strongly believe that the fume of pesticides applied in the flower is responsible for currently observed flower abortion in most fruit crops in the village0.77
36I suspect the flower farm is dangerous to people and animals because of the nature of smelling the toxic chemicals they apply0.77
37I used to see many snakes/soil ant colonies around the village, these days I rarely see them passing around0.77
38Insect pests chased near the flower farm came in my (>1000 m) garden to eat/destroy my crops 0.77
39Many children who went to work at the flower farm got exposed to these pesticides and died0.77
40Most of the mango/avocado fruits grown near the flower farm are no longer tasty or juicy2.31
41Never place flower farms near people because they don't need bees but farmers need bee'-visits to crops0.77
42No activity from the flower farm affects my crops; egg plants and tomato grow here in the village0.77
43No one has ever complained about chemicals applied there to kill his crops0.77
44No problem because I was informed that they have constructed several dams for recycling their water and for containing chemical wastes there0.77
45 Papaw/avocado are no longer sweet, too many fruit diseases emerging these days; tree crops are currently yielding low 2.31
46People living near the flower farm breathe polluted air with dangerous chemicals, fall sick frequently, and many die0.77
47People working at the flower farm become tiny and die after 3–5 years of working there0.77
48 People fear to use the stream water because they believe it is full off chemical wastes dumped regularly by the flower farm 3.08
49 People living at the edge of the flower farm can smell the fumes (pesticides) scent from the flower farm daily 2.31
50 People who grow mango/avocado/papaw near (at the edge of) the flower farm experience low yields these days;they are complaining 2.31
51People who work at the flower farm all get sick because of chemical breathing and many die after 2–5 years working 0.77
52 People who work in the flower farm start falling sick 3–5 years later 1.54
53Pesticides applied in the flower farm are decolorating (changing the colour) our crops in the village0.77
54 People who work in these flower farms complain all time about their health status andlow salaries (not paid in time) 3.08
55Pumpkin and watermelon flowers do not turn into fruits anymore near the flower farm, but in the village (>2 km) fruits are many0.77
56 Since the farm was established here, we experience rotting of fruits (avocado, papaw) and it may be due to chemicals 1.54
57When smelling chemicals up to 2-3 Km here in the village, I lose my appétite and my children fall sick all the time0.77
58So far no complaint apart from the risk of our cows drinking the river water-enriched with chemical water from the flower farm0.77
59The flower farm is dumping the crop residues full of chemicals in our village and they smell a lot for 6 months0.77
60 The flower farm pollute river/wetland waters crossing our village 1.54
61The flower farm pour chemically-enriched water into the river that people use as drinking water and we drink that water0.77
62The flower farm spray daily massive toxic chemical that flies up to 2–4 km in the village 0.77
63The fumes from the flower farm smell badly everyday their are applied; and we fall seek after being exposed for long time0.77
64The rate of abortion of my cows is very high these days and I think it is due to drinking polluted water from the flower farm0.77
65 The rate of abortion of my cows is very high these days and I think it is due to drinking polluted water from the flower farm 1.54
66The recycling of water around the flower farm is not properly done/controlled, there is still leakage of their water into the river0.77
67 The reduction in crop yields in the village may be due to the fact that bees smell pesticides from the flower and die 1.54
68 The soil from the waste dumping point can smell a lot for more than 5 months 2.31
69The yield of fruits (mango/avocado/passion fruits) has reduced to 15 to 35% since the flower farm came around0.77
70 There are rumors that chemicals applied spoil our crops, but I am not sure if it is linked to seasonal/climate changes 2.31
71 There are several dumping holes of chemical wastes near our gardens 1.54
72There are no more bees and honey production is absent in the village ever since the flower farm is around0.77
73 There are several dumping points of chemically-enriched soils in our village 1.54
74There was a problem of water leakage from the flower farm into the river, but they claimed to have controlled it (properly closed it), it is not correct0.77
75 These days I see many fish dying/stunting because the water I use in my 12 fish ponds cross the flower farm 1.54
76These days, there is too much water in the swamp because the flower sends a lot there daily0.77
77These people claim recycling/reutilizing water 2 times only, after that water, where do they put it? Not in the river?0.77
78 These days, there is too much crop failure due to pests/diseases/chemicals applied in the flower farm 1.54
79They kill bees with chemicals in the village because they don't want any single bee to land on the flower farm0.77
80Water from the flower farm is currently still leaking into the river and both human beings and cows drink that water and fall sick and die.1.54
81We meet several hundreds of dead bees/snakes/fish/lizard in the fields a day after they have sprayed0.77
82We are all migrant and care little about effects of pesticides on crops grown here0.77
83We regularly see several thousands fish dying near the flower farm where they eject water into Lake Victoria0.77
84Whenever they are at spraying the flower farm, the fumes comes into the air and reaches our houses and make us fall sick; including our wives and children0.77
85Yields of my crops are reducing because I think the flower farm killed all the bees in the village that pollinate my crops0.77

Chi-square test for difference in frequency of statements: , , , .