Altered Metabolic Profile in Congenital Lung Lesions Revealed by ¹H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Table 2

Results of ¹H 1D NMR analysis of aqueous extracts from lung tissue specimens. The relative concentration of metabolites is expressed as percentage fraction of the peak integral over the total spectrum integral. Each peak integral (singlet or multiplet) is obtained by curve fitting and is corrected for the number of protons. The confidence limits are calculated from fitting residual (see Materials and Methods section, Equation (1)). In some cases more than one peak for metabolite is unequivocally assigned; therefore, the associated concentration values are reported.

Metabolite	Broncho pulmonary sequestration	Bronchogenic cyst	Congenital lobar emphysema	Control lung
	(% fraction of total spectrum area)	(% fraction of total spectrum area)	(% fraction of total spectrum area)	(% fraction of total spectrum area)
Lactic acid	2.71 ± 0.02	3.09 ± 0.02	3.40 ± 0.02	4.42 ± 0.04
Alanine	0.402 ± 0.003	0.458 ± 0.003	0.806 ± 0.005	0.319 ± 0.003
Glutamic acid	0.576 ± 0.005	0.798 ± 0.005	1.093 ± 0.007	0.620 ± 0.006
Succinic acid	0.0721 ± 0.0006	0.0504 ± 0.0003	0.0349 ± 0.0002	0.189 ± 0.002
Creatine	0.1498 ± 0.0008	0.260 ± 0.001	0.1788 ± 0.0009	0.182 ± 0.001
Choline	0.0768 ± 0.0004	0.1079 ± 0.0005	0.279 ± 0.001	0.0718 ± 0.0004
Phosphocholine	0.0827 ± 0.0005	0.1063 ± 0.0005	0.1883 ± 0.0009	ND
Glycerophosphocholine	0.0744 ± 0.0004	ND	0.1145 ± 0.0006	ND
Glucose beta	0.0433 ± 0.0002	0.790 ± 0.004	0.324 ± 0.002	1.143 ± 0.007
Myoinositol	1.019 ± 0.006	1.137 ± 0.005	1.364 ± 0.007	0.522 ± 0.003
Creatine	0.192 ± 0.001	0.311 ± 0.001	0.223 ± 0.001	0.170 ± 0.001
Myoinositol_b	0.847 ± 0.005	1.371 ± 0.007	1.932 ± 0.009	0.472 ± 0.003
Formic acid	1.5 ± 0.1	0.23 ± 0.02	0.10 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.02