An Improved Experimental Model of Hemorrhoids in Rats: Evaluation of Antihemorrhoidal Activity of an Herbal Formulation

Table 1

Histopathological evaluation of rectoanal portion of rats.

Lesions	Normal control	Positive control	PO (200 mg/animal, ir)	PG; (200 mg/kg, PO)	PG; (400 mg/kg, PO)	PG + PO (200 mg/kg,; PO + 200 mg/animal, ir)	PG + PO (400 mg/kg,; PO + 200 mg/animal, ir)
Inflammation	0.5±0.3	3.25±0.3	3.00±0.3	3.00±0.0	2.75±0.5	3.00±0.00	1.00±0.57^∗∗
Congestion/hemorrhage	0.0±0.0	3.00±0.0	2.00±0.9	3.00±0.0	3.00±0.0	2.50±0.95	0.75±0.47^∗
Dilatation of blood vessels	0.5±0.3	3.00±0.0	1.50±0.9	2.75±0.6	2.33±0.7	2.75±0.62	0.75±0.47^∗
Necrosis/loss of superficial epithelium	0.0±0.0	4.00±0.0	2.50±0.9	4.00±0.0	3.00±0.0	3.50±0.25	1.75±0.48^∗

Severity score: NAD: 0 (no abnormality detected); minimal: 1 (very small amount of changes ≤10 %); mild: 2 (lesion is easily identified but limited severity 11–25%); moderate: 3 (lesion is predominant 26–75%); severe: 4 (the degree of changes is 76–100% or great enough in intensity or extent to expect significant tissue or organ dysfunction).
Values are expressed as mean ± SE.^∗𝑃<0.05, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, versus positive control.
PG: Pilex granules; PO: Pilex ointment.