Current Trends in Bioethanol Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Substrate, Inhibitor Reduction, Growth Variables, Coculture, and Immobilization

Table 3

Immobilizing agents to enhance ethanol production using different S. cerevisiae strains and substrates.

S. cerevisiae strain	Substrate	Initial sugar (g/L)	Residual sugar (g/L)	Immobilizing materials	Ethanol produced (g/L)	Ethanol yield (g/g)	References
MTCC 174	Sugar cane bagasse	50	15	Sugar cane bagasse	15.4	0.44	[27]
MTCC 174	Sugar cane bagasse	50	22	Agar-agar cubes	9.4	0.33	[27]
TISTR 5048	Sweet sorghum juice	240	26.69	Corncobs	102.39	0.48	[28]
NP 01	Sweet sorghum juice	240	54.8	Corncobs	90.75	0.49	[28]
Mutant baker yeast 3013	Glucose + sucrose	280	7.21	Sweet sorghum pith	130.12	0.477	[29]
CTCRI	Mahula flowers	89.75	7.99	Luffa sponge discs	37.2	0.455	[30]
Baker yeast	Cashew apple juice	70.01	3.92	Cashew apple bagasse	36.91	0.49	[31]
CBS 8066	Glucose	30	0.3	Alginate-chitosan beads	13.37	0.45	[32]
DTN	Sugar beet molasses	130		Alginate-maize stem ground tissue	60.36	0.493	[33]
Baker yeast	Glucose	100	16	Lyophilized cellulose gel	36.12	0.43	[34]
Pakmaya Yeast Company	Glucose			Sodium alginate grafted with N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone	69.68	0.697	[35]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus	Corn meal hydrolysates	176	8.02	Calcium alginate	89.68	0.52	[24]