International Scholarly Research Notices

Research Article

Diversity, Uses, and Threats in the Ghodaghodi Lake Complex, a Ramsar Site in Western Lowland Nepal

Table 3

Terrestrial/riparian plants recorded within the forest adjacent to the Ghodaghodi Lake complex.
Species Potential uses Existing uses by local people in the Ghodaghodi Lake area
Herb  
 Aerva lanata Human medicine [50]; food [32]NONE
 Achyranthes aspera Human medicine [40, 49, 56, 57]Human medicine; veterinary medicine
 Ageratum conyzoides Human medicine [57–59]Human medicine
 Alternanthera sessilis Human medicine [60]NONE
 Asteracantha longifolia N/AHuman medicine; fodder
 Bacopa monnieri Food [41, 43]NONE
 Barleria cristata N/ANONE
 Blumea mollis Human medicine [61]Human medicine; fodder
 Colocasia antiquorum var. esculenta N/ANONE
 Chenopodium ambrosioides Human medicine [55]NONE
 Cirsium wallichii N/ANONE
 Dopatrium junceum N/AHuman medicine; veterinary medicine; food; fodder
 Dichanthium annulatum N/ANONE
 Echinochloa colonum N/AHuman medicine
 Oxalis corniculata Human medicine [32, 48]; veterinary medicine [32]; food [32]; fodder [32]Human medicine; veterinary medicine; food; fodder
 Polypogon monspeliensis N/ANONE
 Phyla nodiflora Human medicine [32]Human medicine
 Scirpus grossus Industrial [41]NONE
 Scirpus articulates N/AHuman medicine
 Scoparia dulcis Human medicine [32, 62]Human medicine
 Solanum nigrum Human medicine [51, 63]NONE
 Vernonia cinerea Human medicine [61]Human medicine
Shrub  
 Calotropis gigantea Human medicine [48, 49, 54, 64]Human medicine
 Colebrookea oppositifolia N/AHuman medicine; veterinary medicine
 Gardenia campanulata N/ANONE
 Murraya koenigii Human medicine [14, 49]Fruit; food; fodder; firewood
 Phoenix acaulis N/ANONE
 Woodfordia fruticosa Human medicine [48, 54]; veterinary medicine [32]; industrial [32, 65]Human medicine; veterinary medicine; industrial use
 Zizyphus mauritiana Human medicine [48, 49]Human medicine; fruit; industrial use
Tree  
 Acacia catechu Human medicine [48, 54]; timber [32]; firewood [32]; industrial [32] Human medicine; industrial
 Aegle marmelos Human medicine [49]; food [54]; fruit [54]Human medicine; fruit
 Artocarpus lakoocha Human medicine [54, 62]Human medicine
 Bauhinia purpurea Human medicine [53]; food [64]; fodder [64]; industrial [32]Human medicine; fodder; food; firewood; industrial use
 Careya arborea Human medicine [66]NONE
 Cassia fistula Human medicine [48, 53]Human medicine; firewood
 Dalbergia sissoo Human medicine [48]; fodder [64]; timber [32]; firewood [32]Human medicine; timber; fodder
 Dalbergia latifolia N/ATimber
 Dillenia pentagyna Food [32]NONE
 Ficus racemosa Fodder [54]; fruit [54]Fodder
 Lannea coromandelica Human medicine [67]NONE
 Mangifera indica Human medicine [50, 54]Timber; fruit
 Mallotus philippensis Human medicine [48, 49, 64]; firewood [64]Human medicine; fodder; firewood
  Ougeinia dalbergioides N/ANONE
 Psidium guajava Human medicine [48, 68]Fruit
 Schleichera oleosa Human medicine [32, 68]; food [32]; fruit [32]; industrial [32]Timber; firewood; fruit
 Shorea robusta Fodder [32]; industrial [32]; firewood [32, 64]Human medicine; timber
 Spondias pinnata Human medicine [54, 68]; fruit [54]Human medicine; fruit
 Syzygium cumini Food [50, 54, 64]; firewood [32]; fruits [32, 54]; fodder [32]Human medicine; timber; fruit; fodder
 Syzygium jambos N/ANONE
 Terminalia bellerica Human medicine [48, 54]; timber [32]; firewood [32]; industrial [20; 39]Human medicine
 Terminalia alata Fodder [32, 54]; timber [32, 61]; industrial [65]Human medicine
 Toona ciliata Human medicine [67]Human medicine; timber
 Trewia nudiflora Human medicine [69]; food [64]; firewood [32, 64]; fodder [32, 64]; fruit [32]Firewood; fodder
 Zizyphus rugosa Human medicine [70]NONE
Climber and vine  
 Bauhinia vahlii Fodder [54]; fruit [54]; industrial [54]Human medicine; fruit; fodder; industrial
 Spatholobus parviflorus N/AFodder
Note. Human and veterinary medicine includes the uses of a plant in different ailments by local people in the study area as well as in other parts of South Asia. Food includes vegetables, pickle, and spices consumed by human. Industrial includes use of a plant for handicraft, oils and tannin, and others that can provide direct cash benefit. N/A: information could not be found in the scientific literature by authors. NONE: no use of a plant in the study area so far.