Heavy Metal Levels in Adolescent and Maternal Blood: Association with Risk of Hypospadias

Table 4

Pearson’s correlation coefficient (𝑟) for metal in maternal and child blood in control and hypospadias cases.

Heavy metals	Control	Cases
Cadmium	0.86	0.94*
Chromium	0.97	0.94
Arsenic	0.90	0.07
Lead	0.77	0.86*

∗Correlation is significant at the 𝑃<0.05 level.