Limited Functional Health Literacy, Health Information Sources, and Health Behavior among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Japan
Table 2
Demographic and lifestyle characteristics by health literacy level.
Characteristic
Overall ()
Functional health literacy
Low; 1~2.2 ()
Middle; 2.3~3.0 ()
High; 3.1~4.0 ()
Gender (women; %)
376 (60.6)
159 (71.6)
111 (57.5)
106 (51.7)
***
Age (mean ± SD)
**
Education (≥high school; %)
114 (19.2)
21 (10)
38 (20.5)
55 (27.8)
***
Living arrangements (%)
*
Alone
57 (9.4)
22 (10.2)
18 (9.4)
17 (8.4)
Spouse
99 (16.3)
22 (10.2)
32 (16.8)
45 (22.3)
Living with family
453 (74.4)
172 (79.6)
141 (73.8)
140 (69.3)
Total ADL (going out alone; %)
420 (69.2)
107 (48.9)
183 (75.9)
130 (88.4)
***
Drinking habits (current; %)
163 (26.5)
44 (19.9)
61 (31.9)
58 (28.4)
*
Smoking habits (current; %)
27 (4.4)
10 (4.5)
10 (5.2)
7 (3.4)
ns
Physical activity (active; %)
231 (37.7)
60 (27.1)
73 (38.4)
98 (48.5)
***
Dietary variety score (≥5; %)
230 (39)
65 (30.7)
64 (35.2)
101 (51.5)
***
Medical check-up (attended; %)
360 (58.1)
96 (43.2)
120 (62.2)
144 (70.2)
***
Note. Data are (%) or means ± SD. , , . There are missing values on some items. ADL: activities of daily living. was used for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance was used for continuous variables.
