Calcium Silicate-Based Cements Associated with Micro- and Nanoparticle Radiopacifiers: Physicochemical Properties and Bioactivity

Table 1

Group of materials evaluated and powder-liquid ratio.

Material	Powder-liquid ratio
White^* MTA	1 g-300 µL
Calcium silicate-based cement containing additives (CSCM)^**	1 g-360 µL
CSCM + 30% zirconium oxide (Zr2O) microparticles^****	1 g-200 µL
CSCM + 30% zirconium oxide (Zr2O) nanoparticles^*****	1 g-360 µL
CSCM + 30% niobium oxide (Nb2O5) microparticles^****	1 g-340 µL
CSCM + 30% niobium oxide (Nb2O5) nanoparticles^*****	1 g-390 µL
CSCM + 20% bismuth (Bi2O3) microparticles^****	1 g-260 µL
CSCM + 30% calcium tungstate (CaWO4) microparticles^******	1 g-200 µL
Calcium silicate resin-based cement (CSCR)^***	1 g-360 µL
CSCR + 30% zirconium oxide (Zr2O) microparticles^****	1 g-235 µL
CSCR + 30% zirconium oxide (Zr2O) nanoparticles	1 g-340 µL
CSCR + 30% niobium oxide (Nb2O5) microparticles	1 g-380 µL
CSCR + 30% niobium oxide (Nb2O5) nanoparticles	1 g-380 µL
CSCR + 20% bismuth (Bi2O3) microparticles	1 g-250 µL
CSCR + 30% calcium tungstate (CaWO4) microparticles	1 g-220 µL

MTA, Angelus, Londrina, Brazil.
^**Usina Fortaleza ICMF Ltda., Barueri, SP, Brazil (composition: mineral aggregates, additives, and pigments).
^***Ligatex Ind. e Com. Ltda., Rio Claro, SP, Brazil (composition: mineral aggregates, additives, resins, and pigments).
^****Sigma-Aldrich Brasil Ltda., São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
^*****Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
^******Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.