Journal of Allergy
Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 898965, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/898965
Clinical Study
Diagnosis of Asthma in Primary Health Care: A Pilot Study
1Nordic School of Public Health, 402 42 Gothenburg, Sweden
2Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
3Kungsten Health Care Centre, 414 74 Gothenburg, Sweden
Received 6 September 2013; Revised 5 March 2014; Accepted 16 March 2014; Published 10 April 2014
Academic Editor: Steven Nordin
Copyright © 2014 Karin C. Ringsberg et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Revised 2004, http://www.ginasthma.com.
- B. Lundbäck, “Epidemiology of rhinitis and asthma,” Clinical and Experimental Allergy, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 3–10, 1998. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. L. Levy, M. Fletcher, D. B. Price, T. Hausen, R. J. Halbert, and B. P. Yawn, “International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG) Guidelines: diagnosis of respiratory diseases in primary care,” Primary Care Respiratory Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 20–34, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Löwhagen, “Asthma and asthma-like disorders,” Respiratory Medicine, vol. 93, pp. 851–855, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- K. C. Ringsberg, K. Segesten, and I. Åkerlind, “Walking around in circles—the life situation of patients with asthma-like symptoms but negative asthma tests,” Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 103–112, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. J. Barnes and A. J. Woolcock, “Difficult asthma,” European Respiratory Journal, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1209–1218, 1998. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Folgering, “The pathophysiology of hyperventilation syndrome,” Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 365–372, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. A. Antoniu, T. Mihaescu, and C. F. Donner, “Pharmacotherapy of cough-variant asthma,” Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, vol. 8, no. 17, pp. 3021–3028, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Löwhagen, “Functional respiratory disorders as significant differential diagnosis in asthma,” Lakartidningen, vol. 86, no. 1-2, pp. 57–59, 1989. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. C. Ringsberg, “Patients with asthma-like symptoms but negative asthma tests and patients with bronchial asthma. Physiological, psychological and social characteristics,” Medical Dissertations 522, Linköping University, 1997. View at Google Scholar
- K. C. Ringsberg, O. Löwhagen, and T. Sivik, “Psychological differences between asthmatics and patients suffering from an asthma-like condition, functional breathing disorder: a comparison between the two groups concerning personality, psychosocial and somatic parameters,” Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 358–367, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. C. Ringsberg, H. Wetterqvist, O. Löwhagen, and T. Sivik, “Physical capacity and dyspnea in patients with asthma-like symptoms but negative asthma tests,” Allergy, vol. 52, no. 5, pp. 532–540, 1997. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. C. Ringsberg and I. Åkerlind, “Presence of hyperventilation in patients with asthma-like symptoms but negative asthma test responses: provocation with voluntary hyperventilation and mental stress,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 601–608, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Marklund, A. Tunsäter, and C. Bengtsson, “How often is the diagnosis bronchial asthma correct?” Family Practice, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 112–116, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Lowhagen, “Asthma—a disease difficult to define,” Läkartidningen, vol. 102, pp. 3875–3878, 2005. View at Google Scholar
- M. Thomas, R. K. McKinley, E. Freeman, and C. Foy, “Prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in patients treated for asthma in primary care: Cross sectional survey,” British Medical Journal, vol. 322, no. 7294, pp. 1098–1100, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Thomas, R. K. McKinley, E. Freeman, C. Foy, and D. Price, “The prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in adults in the community with and without asthma,” Primary Care Respiratory Journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 78–82, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Bonde, E. Andersson, J. Brisman, M. Eklöf, K. C. Ringsberg, and K. Torén, “Dissociation of dysfunctional breathing and odour intolerance among adults in a general-population study,” The Clinical Respiratory Journal, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 176–182, 2013. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. H. Bahrainwala and M. R. Simon, “Wheezing and vocal cord dysfunction mimicking asthma,” Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 8–13, 2001. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. H. Hammo and M. M. Weinberger, “Exercise-induced hyperventilation: a pseudoasthma syndrome,” Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, vol. 82, no. 6, pp. 574–578, 1999. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- I. R. Bell, C. S. Miller, and G. E. Schwartz, “An olfactory-limbic model of multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome: possible relationships to kindling and affective spectrum disorders,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 218–242, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Millqvist, M. Bende, and O. Löwhagen, “Sensory hyperreactivity—a possible mechanism underlying cough and asthma-like symptoms,” Allergy, vol. 53, no. 12, pp. 1208–1212, 1998. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- Å. Johansson, E. Millqvist, S. Nordin, and M. Bende, “Relationship between self-reported odor intolerance and sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin: proposed definition of airway sensory hyperreactivity and estimation of its prevalence,” Chest, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 1623–1628, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- “Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,” NHLBI/WHO Workshop Report 2701: 1—100, Bethesda, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 2001.
- L. Löwhagen, “Some procedures used to assess clinical airway hyperreactivity,” European Journal of Respiratory Diseases, vol. 131, pp. 215–239, 1983. View at Google Scholar
- K. C. Ringsberg, P. Bjärneman, O. Löwhagen, A. Odén, and K. Torén, “Differences in trigger factors and symptoms between patients with asthma-like symptoms and patients with asthma: development of a basis for a questionnaire,” Respiratory Medicine, vol. 96, no. 5, pp. 305–311, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. H. Morice, “Chronic cough,” Breathe, vol. 3, pp. 165–174, 2006. View at Google Scholar
- K. Torén, T. Gislason, E. Omenaas et al., “A prospective study of asthma incidence and its predictors: the RHINE study,” European Respiratory Journal, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 942–946, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Löwhagen, M. Arvidsson, and K. Pettersson, “Asthma and asthma-like disorder, a 5-year follow-up study,” Respiratory Medicine, vol. 96, no. 12, pp. 1040–1044, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Ternesten-Hasséus, O. Lowhagen, and E. Millqvist, “Quality of life and capsaicin sensitivity in patients with airway symptoms induced by chemicals and scents: a longitudinal study,” Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. 115, no. 3, pp. 425–429, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- W. N. Gardner, “The pathophysiology of hyperventilation disorders,” Chest, vol. 109, no. 2, pp. 516–534, 1996. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. Hornsveld and B. Garssen, “Hyperventilation syndrome: an elegant but scientifically untenable concept,” Netherlands Journal of Medicine, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. Löwhagen, M. Arvidsson, P. Bjärneman, and N. Jörgensen, “Exercised-induced respiratory symptoms are not always asthma.,” Respiratory Medicine, vol. 93, no. 10, pp. 734–738, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- S. Jack, H. B. Rossiter, M. G. Pearson, S. A. Ward, C. J. Warburton, and B. J. Whipp, “Ventilatory responses to inhaled carbon dioxide, hypoxia, and in idiopathic hyperventilation,” The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 170, no. 2, pp. 118–125, 2004. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Ternesten-Hasséus, E. L. Johansson, M. Bende, and E. Millqvist, “Dyspnea from exercise in cold air is not always asthma,” Journal of Asthma, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 705–709, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. van Dixhoorn and H. J. Duivenvoorden, “Efficacy of Nijmegen questionnaire in recognition of the hyperventilation syndrome,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 199–206, 1985. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- “Socialstyrelsens riktlinjer för förebyggande, diagnostik, behandling och rehabilitering av astma och KOL,” Artikelnummer 2203-102-4, 2003.
- K. C. Ringsberg, M. Lepp, and B. Finnström, “Experiences by patients with asthma-like symptoms of a problem-based learning health education programme,” Family Practice, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 290–293, 2002. View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. C. Ringsberg and T. Timpka, “Clinical health education for patients with asthma-like symptoms but negative asthma tests,” Allergy, vol. 56, no. 11, pp. 1049–1054, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus