Efficient Fatigue Analysis of Helix Elements in Umbilicals and Flexible Risers: Theory and Applications

Table 2

Axis-symmetrical analysis results—comparison, Vaz et al. [11], Sævik and Bruaseth [12], and Skeie [5].

Feature	Test [11]	Vaz et al. [11]	Sævik and Bruaseth [12]	Skeie [5]
𝐸𝐴 under tension, (𝑀𝑁)	70–101	82.9	100	79.5
Coupling—tension/torsion (m)		0.19	0.21	0.19
GJ clockwise, 𝑇=0 kN (kNm^2)	14.5–56.0	44.7	44.3	45.4
Coupling clockwise—torsion/tension, (rad/m)		182	188	180
GJ anticlockwise, 𝑇=0kN (kNm^2)	15.9–17.2	19.1	19.5	18.7
Coupling anticlockwise—torsion/tension, (rad/m)		−406	−330	−343