Table 1
Possible contact pressures and stress in the high-strength (HS) tape for a typical unbonded flexible pipe considering different annulus conditions and axisymmetric loading.
| | Shape | Interface† |
Stress (HS tape) |
Annulus | | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| | 1 | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Unloaded | | | 2 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Tensioned | | | 3 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Unloaded | | | 4 | No contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Contact | Tensioned | Dry | | 5 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Unloaded | | | 6 | No contact | Contact | No contact | No contact | Contact | Tensioned | | | 7 | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Unloaded | |
| | 8 | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Unloaded | | | 9 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Tensioned | | | 10 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | Unloaded | | | 11 | No contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Contact | Tensioned | | | 12 | No contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Unloaded | Flooded | | 13 | Contact | Contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Unloaded | | | 14 | Contact | No contact | Contact | No contact | Contact | Tensioned | | | 15 | Contact | No contact | Contact | Contact | No contact | Unloaded | | | 16 | Pure external pressure | |
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†Interface 1: inner carcass and internal plastic sheath; interface 2: internal plastic sheath and pressure armor; interface 3: pressure armor and antiwear tape (or tensile armor); interface 4: pressure armor (or antiwear tape) and internal tensile armor; interface 5: external tensile armor and polymeric layer upon it. In all other interfaces, contact between layers was observed.
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