Extended “Mononobe-Okabe” Method for Seismic Design of Retaining Walls

Table 1

Parameters of the proposed method.

Parameter	Symbol
Wall height	H
Water depth	h
Wall angle	𝛼
Soil-wall friction angle	𝛿
Backfill angle	𝛽
Soil special weight	𝛾
Saturated soil special weight	𝛾sat
Ref. to Figure 3	A
Ref. to Figure 3	B
Soil internal friction angle	𝜑
Soil cohesion	c
Soil-wall cohesion	𝑐^′
Horizontal earthquake coefficient	𝐾ℎ
Vertical earthquake coefficient	𝐾𝑣