Self-Adaptive Step Firefly Algorithm

Table 2

Comparison of standard FA and SASFA.

Functions	Optimization method	Best solution	Worst solution	Medium of solutions	Standard deviation
𝑓1	Standard FA	1.017552𝐸−12	9.648893𝐸−11	3.065379𝐸−12	9.930156𝐸−12
	SASFA	1.017595𝐸−12	1.043827𝐸−12	1.026483𝐸−12	5.723552𝐸−15
𝑓2	Standard FA	2.500005𝐸+01	4.339859𝐸+01	2.647969𝐸+01	2.582632𝐸+00
	SASFA	2.500019𝐸+01	2.501609𝐸+01	2.500482𝐸+01	3.358280𝐸−03
𝑓3	Standard FA	1.345107𝐸−12	5.080286𝐸+01	5.080286𝐸−01	5.080286𝐸+00
	SASFA	1.640501𝐸−14	5.474220𝐸−03	1.074990𝐸−03	1.152379𝐸−03
𝑓4	Standard FA	1.085659𝐸−13	1.288528𝐸+00	6.863843𝐸−02	1.597118𝐸−01
	SASFA	4.991661𝐸−08	4.744487𝐸−04	2.186426𝐸−05	5.391553𝐸−05
𝑓5	Standard FA	3.978874𝐸−01	2.024074𝐸+00	4.245216𝐸−01	1.715188𝐸−01
	SASFA	3.978882𝐸−01	3.980451𝐸−01	3.979238𝐸−01	3.732067𝐸−05
𝑓6	Standard FA	−2.000000𝐸+00	−1.757801𝐸+00	−1.979413𝐸+00	4.885083𝐸−02
	SASFA	−2.000000𝐸+00	−1.859492𝐸+00	−1.996340𝐸+00	1.833774𝐸−02
𝑓7	Standard FA	1.975868𝐸−13	4.346346𝐸+01	5.078575𝐸+00	8.627606𝐸+00
	SASFA	5.542967𝐸−14	8.963713𝐸−04	9.258293𝐸−05	1.227339𝐸−04
𝑓8	Standard FA	−1.031628𝐸+00	−9.940826𝐸−01	−1.031253𝐸+00	3.754586𝐸−03
	SASFA	−1.031628𝐸+00	−1.031575𝐸+00	−1.031615𝐸+00	1.269080𝐸−05
𝑓9	Standard FA	3.000000𝐸+00	8.400000𝐸+01	8.065019𝐸+00	1.289350𝐸+01
	SASFA	3.000000𝐸+00	3.017131𝐸+00	3.001386𝐸+00	2.768176𝐸−03
𝑓10	Standard FA	7.283618𝐸−13	1.674303𝐸−02	8.079304𝐸−03	3.942527𝐸−03
	SASFA	9.985832𝐸−08	9.716095𝐸−03	7.439098𝐸−03	4.036846𝐸−03
𝑓11	Standard FA	−9.949591𝐸−01	−9.949591𝐸−01	−9.949591𝐸−01	1.673724𝐸−15
	SASFA	−2.844390𝐸−04	−2.844390𝐸−04	−2.844390𝐸−04	2.179328𝐸−19
𝑓12	Standard FA	1.000000𝐸+00	2.326942𝐸−42	8.127414𝐸−02	2.306928𝐸−01
	SASFA	1.000000𝐸+00	7.680531𝐸−05	7.687526𝐸−01	4.105102𝐸−01
𝑓13	Standard FA	3.583323𝐸+02	3.441956𝐸+02	3.581890𝐸+02	1.413611𝐸+00
	SASFA	3.583323𝐸+02	3.583305𝐸+02	3.583320𝐸+02	4.197847𝐸−04
𝑓14	Standard FA	2.205095𝐸+00	1.200545𝐸+00	1.820786𝐸+00	2.814797𝐸−01
	SASFA	2.205094𝐸+00	1.776040𝐸+00	2.195012𝐸+00	6.151606𝐸−02
𝑓15	Standard FA	1.867309𝐸+02	4.712473𝐸+01	1.628826𝐸+02	4.008809𝐸+01
	SASFA	1.867308𝐸+02	1.834636𝐸+02	1.863022𝐸+02	5.283146𝐸−01
𝑓16	Standard FA	6.600000𝐸+02	6.600000𝐸+02	6.600000𝐸+02	1.771468𝐸−11
	SASFA	6.600000𝐸+02	6.599976𝐸+02	6.599997𝐸+02	4.307035𝐸−04