Unisoft Hypervector Spaces

Al-Roqi, Abdullah M.

doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/418702

Journal of Applied Mathematics

On this page

Abstract Introduction Preliminaries Acknowledgments References Copyright Related Articles

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2014 | Article ID 418702 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/418702

Unisoft Hypervector Spaces

Abdullah M. Al-Roqi¹

Academic Editor: M. Mursaleen

Received26 Nov 2013

Accepted06 Jan 2014

Published23 Feb 2014

Abstract

The notion of unisoft subfields, unisoft algebras over unisoft subfields, and unisoft hypervector spaces are introduced, and their properties and characterizations are considered. In connection with linear transformations, unisoft hypervector spaces are discussed.

1. Introduction

The hyperstructure theory was introduced by Marty [1] at the 8th Congress of Scandinavian Mathematicians in 1934. As a generalization of fuzzy vector spaces, the fuzzy hypervector spaces are studied by Ameri and Dehghan (see [2, 3]). Molodtsov [4] introduced the concept of soft set as a new mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainties that is free from the difficulties that have troubled the usual theoretical approaches. Molodtsov pointed out to several directions for the applications of soft sets. At present, works on the soft set theory are progressing rapidly. Maji et al. [5] described the application of soft set theory to a decision-making problem. Maji et al. [6] also studied several operations on the theory of soft sets. Chen et al. [7] presented a new definition of soft set parametrization reduction and compared this definition to the related concept of attributes reduction in rough set theory. The algebraic structure of set theories dealing with uncertainties has been studied by some authors. Çağman et al. [8] introduced fuzzy parameterized (FP) soft sets and their related properties. They proposed a decision-making method based on FP soft set theory and provided an example which shows that the method can be successfully applied to the problems that contain uncertainties. Feng [9] considered the application of soft rough approximations in multicriteria group decision-making problems. Aktaş and Çağman [10] studied the basic concepts of soft set theory and compared soft sets to fuzzy and rough sets, providing examples to clarify their differences. They also discussed the notion of soft groups. After that, many algebraic properties of soft sets are studied (see [11–21]).

In this paper, we introduce the notion of unisoft subfields, unisoft algebras over unisoft subfields, and unisoft hypervector spaces. We study their properties and characterizations. In connection with linear transformations, we discuss unisoft hypervector spaces.

2. Preliminaries

A soft set theory introduced by Molodtsov [4] and Çağman and Enginoğlu [22] provided new definitions and various results on soft set theory.

In what follows, let be an initial universe set and let be a set of parameters. Let denote the power set of and .

Definition 1 (see [4, 22]) . A soft set over is defined to be the set of ordered pairs where such that if .
A map is called a hyperoperation or join operation, where is the set of all nonempty subsets of . The join operation is extended to subsets of in natural way, so that is given by
The notations and are used for and , respectively. Generally, the singleton is identified by its element .

Definition 2 (see [23]) . Let be a field and be an abelian group. A hypervector space over is defined to be the quadruplet , where “” is a mapping such that for all and the following conditions hold: (H1), (H2), (H3), (H4), (H5).
A hypervector space over a field is said to be strongly left distributive (see [2]) if it satisfies the following condition:

3. Unisoft Algebras over a Unisoft Field

In what follows let be a field unless otherwise specified.

Definition 3. A soft set over is called a unisoft subfield of if the following conditions are satisfied: (1), (2), (3), (4).

Proposition 4. If is a unisoft subfield of , then (1), (2), (3).

Proof. (1) For all , we have
(2) Let be such that . Then
(3) It follows from (1).

It is easy to show that the following theorem holds.

Theorem 5. A soft set over is a unisoft subfield of if and only if the nonempty -exclusive set of is a subfield of for all .

Definition 6. Let be an algebra over and let be a unisoft subfield of . A soft set is called an unisoft algebra over if it satisfies the following conditions: (1), (2), (3), (4).

Proposition 7. Let be an algebra over and let be a unisoft subfield of . If is a unisoft algebra over , then for all .

Proof. For any , we have .

We provide a characterization of a unisoft algebra over .

Theorem 8. For any algebra over , let be a unisoft subfield of . Then a soft set is a unisoft algebra over if and only if it satisfies (3) and (4) of Definition 6 and

Proof. Assume that is a unisoft algebra over . Using (1) and (2) of Definition 6, we have for all and .
Conversely, suppose that satisfies (3) and (4) of Definition 6 and (8). Then
By using Definition 6(3) and Proposition 4(3), we obtain for all . Thus for all and . Therefore is a unisoft algebra over .

For any sets and , let be a function and and be soft sets over .

(1) The soft set where , is called the unisoft preimage of under .

(2) The soft set where is called the unisoft image of under .

Theorem 9. Let and be algebras over . For any algebraic homomorphism ,(1)if is a unisoft algebra over , then the unisoft preimage of under is also a unisoft algebra over .(2)If is a unisoft algebra over , then the unisoft image of under is also a unisoft algebra over .

Proof. (1) For any and , we have and . Therefore, by Theorem 8, is a unisoft algebra over .
(2) Let . If or , then
Assume that and . Then , and so
For any and , we have
For all , if at least one of and is empty, then the inclusion is clear. Assume that and . Then
Since for all , it follows that for all . Therefore is a unisoft algebra over .

4. Unisoft Hypervector Spaces

Definition 10. Let be a hypervector space over and a unisoft subfield of . A soft set over is called a unisoft hypervector space of related to if the following assertions are valid: (1), (2), (3), (4) where is the zero of .

Proposition 11. Let be a hypervector space over and a unisoft subfield of . If is a unisoft hypervector space of related to , then (1), (2), (3).

Proof. It is an immediate consequence of Definition 10 and Proposition 4.

Proposition 12. Let be a hypervector space over . If is a unisoft hypervector space of related to a unisoft subfield of , then

Proof. Let . Since by (H5), we have . Using Definition 10(3) we have
Hence for all .

Theorem 13. Assume that a hypervector space over is strongly left distributive. Let be a unisoft subfield of . Then a soft set over is a unisoft hypervector space of related to if and only if the following conditions are true: (1), (2)for all and all .

Proof. Assume that is a unisoft hypervector space of related to . The second condition follows from Proposition 11(2) and Definition 10(4). Let and . Then
Conversely suppose the conditions (1) and (2) are true. For all , we have
Since is a unisoft subfield of , we have and . Note that for all . It follows that for all . Let and . Then
Clearly, . Therefore is a unisoft hypervector space of related to .

Theorem 14. Let be a hypervector space over and a unisoft subfield of . If a soft set over is a unisoft hypervector space of related to , then the nonempty -exclusive set of is a subhypervector space of over the field for all .

Proof. Let . Then and . It follows that
Hence . Note that is a subfield of (see Theorem 5). Let and . Then and so which shows that . Therefore is a hypervector space over the field for all .

Let and be hypervector spaces over . A mapping is called linear transformation (see [3]) if it satisfies(i), (ii).

Theorem 15. Let and be hypervector spaces over and let be a unisoft subfield of . For any linear transformation , if is a unisoft hypervector space of related to , then is a unisoft hypervector space of related to .

Proof. Let and . Since is a linear transformation, we have
Obviously, for all . It follows from Theorem 13 that is a unisoft hypervector space of related to .

Theorem 16. Let and be hypervector spaces over and let be a unisoft subfield of . For any linear transformation , if is a unisoft hypervector space of related to , then is a unisoft hypervector space of related to .

Proof. Let and . If at least one of and is empty, then the inclusion is clear. Assume that and are nonempty. Then there exist such that and . Thus, since is linear. Hence, . Then
Obviously, for all . Therefore is a unisoft hypervector space of related to by Theorem 13.

Conflict of Interests

The author declares that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Acknowledgments

The author would like to express his sincere thanks to the anonymous referees for their valuable suggestions and comments that improved this paper.

References

F. Marty, “Sur une generalization de la notion de groupe,” in Proceedings of the 8th Congress des Mathematiciens Scandinaves, pp. 45–49, Stockholm, Sweden, 1934.
View at: Google Scholar
R. Ameri and O. Dehghan, “Fuzzy hypervector spaces based on fuzzy singletons,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 61, no. 10, pp. 2933–2943, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
R. Ameri and O. R. Dehghan, “Fuzzy hypervector spaces,” Advances in Fuzzy Systems, vol. 2008, Article ID 295649, 9 pages, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
D. Molodtsov, “Soft set theory—first results,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 37, no. 4-5, pp. 19–31, 1999.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
P. K. Maji, A. R. Roy, and R. Biswas, “An application of soft sets in a decision making problem,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 44, no. 8-9, pp. 1077–1083, 2002.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
P. K. Maji, R. Biswas, and A. R. Roy, “Soft set theory,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 45, no. 4-5, pp. 555–562, 2003.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
D. Chen, E. C. C. Tsang, D. S. Yeung, and X. Wang, “The parameterization reduction of soft sets and its applications,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 49, no. 5-6, pp. 757–763, 2005.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
N. Çağman, F. Çitak, and S. Enginoglu, “FP-soft set theory and its applications,” Annals of Fuzzy Mathematics and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 219–226, 2011.
View at: Google Scholar | MathSciNet
F. Feng, “Soft rough sets applied to multicriteria group decision making,” Annals of Fuzzy Mathematics and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 69–80, 2011.
View at: Google Scholar | MathSciNet
H. Aktaş and N. Çağman, “Soft sets and soft groups,” Information Sciences, vol. 177, no. 13, pp. 2726–2735, 2007.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
U. Acar, F. Koyuncu, and B. Tanay, “Soft sets and soft rings,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 59, no. 11, pp. 3458–3463, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
A. O. Atagün and A. Sezgin, “Soft substructures of rings, fields and modules,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 592–601, 2011.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
F. Feng, Y. B. Jun, and X. Zhao, “Soft semirings,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 56, no. 10, pp. 2621–2628, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun, “Soft BCK/BCI-algebras,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1408–1413, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun, H. S. Kim, and J. Neggers, “Pseudo $d$ -algebras,” Information Sciences, vol. 179, no. 11, pp. 1751–1759, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun, K. J. Lee, and A. Khan, “Soft ordered semigroups,” Mathematical Logic Quarterly, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 42–50, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun, K. J. Lee, and C. H. Park, “Soft set theory applied to ideals in $d$ -algebras,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 367–378, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun, K. J. Lee, and J. Zhan, “Soft $p$ -ideals of soft BCI-algebras,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 58, no. 10, pp. 2060–2068, 2009.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
Y. B. Jun and C. H. Park, “Applications of soft sets in ideal theory of BCK/BCI-algebras,” Information Sciences, vol. 178, no. 11, pp. 2466–2475, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
C. H. Park, Y. B. Jun, and M. A. Öztürk, “Soft WS-algebras,” Korean Mathematical Society, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 313–324, 2008.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
J. Zhan and Y. B. Jun, “Soft $B L$ -algebras based on fuzzy sets,” Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 59, no. 6, pp. 2037–2046, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | MathSciNet
N. Çağman and S. Enginoğlu, “Soft set theory and uni–int decision making,” European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 207, no. 2, pp. 848–855, 2010.
View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar | Zentralblatt MATH | MathSciNet
M. S. Tallini, “Hypervector spaces,” in Proceedings of the 4th International Congress on AHA, pp. 167–174, 1990.
View at: Google Scholar

Copyright

Copyright © 2014 Abdullah M. Al-Roqi. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

PDF Download Citation

Download other formats

Order printed copies

Views

764

Downloads

789

Citations