Research on Torque Ratio Based on the Steering Wheel Torque Characteristic for Steer-by-Wire System

Table 4

On-center evaluation indices of the reference car.

Evaluation	Value
Lateral acceleration at 0 Nm (g)	0.042
Steering hysteresis (deg)	5.32
Steering fiction torque (Nm)	1.64
Average steering stiffness (Nm/deg)	0.36
Steering torque gradient at 0 g (Nm/g)	32.0
Steering torque gradient at 0.1 g (Nm/g)	9.06
SW torque at 0.1 g (Nm)	2.75