Determination of Low Levels of Lead in Beer Using Solid-Phase Extraction and Detection by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Table 3

Comparation of methods for lead preconcentration with detection by FAAS.

Sample	Preconcentration technique	Chelating agent/ modifier	PF	LOD (μg L^−1)	SV (mL)	Ref
Water and food	CPE	—	25	3.42	50	[12]
Environmental	SPE	Dibenzyldithiocarbamate; chelates on Dowex Optipore V-493	50	0.65	25	[13]
Environmental	Multi-element coprecipitation	Cu(II)- dibenzyldithiocarbamate	50	0.87	No data	[14]
Food	SPE	APDC	80	0.45	400	[15]
Beer	SPE	—	93	7.5	15	This work

PF—preconcentration factor; LOD—limit of detection; CPE—cloud point extraction; SPE—solid phase extraction; SV—sample volume; APDC—ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate.