A Fluorescence-Based Method for Rapid and Direct Determination of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Water

Table 2

Comparison of fluorescence and GC or GC-EI-MS for determining PBDEs in aqueous solutions.

Methods	Congener	Linearity range (ng/L)	Sample and volume	Extraction metho	Recovery (%)	LOQ^a/LOD^b (ng/L)	Mesurement time (min)
GC-EI-MS	Tri- to hexa-BDE [43]	20–600	100 mL surface water	SBSE	99–106	1–32^a; 0.4–9.6^b	56.69
	BDE 47, 99, 100, and 153 [42]	4–150	10 mL ultrapure water spiked with 10 ng/L PBDEs	CPE	99–106	1-2^b	15.50
GC-ECD	BDE 28, 47, 85, 99, 100, 153, and 154 [45]	0.1–100 for BDE 28, 47; 0.5–500 for others	5 mL Ultra Milli-Q water spiked with stock solution of PBDEs	SPE-DLLME	72–100	0.03–0.15^b	36.67
UV-fluorescence	BDE 28, 47, 190, and 209^≠	0.32–1000 for BDE 28; 0–1000 for BDE 47; 0.2–50 for BDE 190; 0.04–100 for BDE 209;	4 mL DI water spiked with stock solution of PBDEs	No need	100	1.71–5.82^b	1
	BDE 99 and 153^≠	0.064–2000				45.55–69.95^b	1

SBSE, stir bar sorptive extraction; CPE, cloud point extraction; HS-SPME, headspace solid-phase microextraction; SPE-DLLME, solid-phase extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction; GC-ITD-MS/MS, gas chromatography-ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
In this study calculated by = + .
The limit of quantification (LOQ).^bThe limit of detection (LOD).