Research Article
Influence of Polyphosphoric Acid on the Consistency and Composition of Formulated Bitumen: Standard Characterization and NMR Insights
Table 2
SARA analysis of the individual components of bitumen blends.
| | Component | Saturates | Aromatics | Resins | Asphaltenes | | (wt.%) |
| | Asphaltic residue (AR) | — | 61.6 ± 1.3 | 21.7 ± 1.5 | 16.7 ± 1.0 | | Vacuum residue (VR) | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 63.8 ± 1.7 | 17.3 ± 1.5 | 13.4 ± 0.9 | | SN1 extract | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 92.6 ± 0.9 | 3.3 ± 0.6 | — | | SN2 extract | 3.6 ± 0.3 | 92.8 ± 0.6 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | — | | SN3 extract | 9.9 ± 0.8 | 84.9 ± 1.2 | 5.2 ± 0.8 | — |
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