Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Research Article

Molecular Marker Study of Particulate Organic Matter in Southern Ontario Air

Table 1

Mean of molecular marker concentration and concentration range observed during the SONTAS 2000.


Location	Hamilton ()	Simcoe ()	Toronto Tunnel ()
Ext. method	Soxhlet and sonication	Soxhlet and sonication	Soxhlet and sonication
Sample type	PM₁₀	PM₁₀	PM₁₀
Filter media	Quartz filter	Quartz filter	Quartz filter
Sampling time	24 h	24 h	4h
		(ng m⁻³)

PAHs
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)	0.105 (0.009–0.608)	0.023 (<DL–0.133)	0.513 (0.165–1.212)
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene (Db)	0.030 (0.004–0.131)	0.016 (0.001–0.073)	0.075 (0.005–0.162)
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (Ind)	0.184 (0.019–0.804)	0.070 (0.001–0.447)	0.659 (0.230–1.501)
Benzo[ghi]perylene (BghiP)	0.175 (0.023–0.605)	0.049 (0.011–0.265)	1.495 (1.054–2.380)
Coronene (Cor)	0.052 (0.014–0.143)	0.019 (0.006–0.082)	0.754 (0.488–1.181)
Hopanoids
17(H)-22,29,30-Trisnorhopane (TrisHp)	0.132 (0.022–0.326)	0.181 (0.028–0.530)	4.166 (2.234–8.811)
17(H),21(H)-30-Norhopane (NorHp)	0.044 (0.004–0.111)	0.019 (0.007–0.052)	1.000 (0.640–1.747)
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (abHp)	0.342 (0.043–0.887)	0.154 (0.068–0.445)	11.788 (7.394–22.476)
17(H),21(H)-Hopane (baHp)	0.072 (0.007–0.190)	0.014 (0.006–0.042)	1.289 (0.838–2.309)
n-Alkanes
Eicosane (C20)	1.150 (<DL–4.370)	1.216 (<DL–6.036)	59.297 (45.454–97.709)
Heneicosane (C21)	1.835 (0.241–6.425)	1.351 (0.058–6.855)	40.047 (22.276–54.842)
Docosane (C22)	1.410 (0.222–3.625)	1.288 (0.066–6.020)	35.134 (14.490–56.449)
Tricosane (C23)	2.738 (0.384–6.309)	2.414 (0.272–10.399)	31.766 (11.235–69.772)
Tetracosane (C24)	1.363 (0.231–4.634)	0.704 (0.119–2.249)	18.945 (7.760–41.957)
Heptacosane (C25)	2.159 (0.473–6.264)	1.608 (0.274–10.980)	17.462 (5.061–40.785)
Hexacosane (C26)	1.116 (0.007–4.967)	0.642 (0.081–12.471)	9.431 (4.523–17.813)
Heptacosane (C27)	3.092 (1.007–9.058)	2.210 (0.467–15.265)	16.125 (8.581–29.425)
Octacosane (C28)	1.469 (0.065–6.889)	0.968 (<DL–21.051)	11.115 (5.559–15.220)
Nonacosane (C29)	3.790 (1.149–9.589)	3.175 (0.351–10.378)	14.042 (8.656–22.051)
Triacontane (C30)	1.383 (0.130–7.528)	0.504 (<DL–8.762)	10.923 (7.053 -15.800)
Hentriacontane (C31)	4.160 (1.913–10.451)	2.700 (0.940–11.769)	27.290 (13.958–46.388)
Dotriacontane (C32)	0.611 (<DL–3.205)	0.254 (<DL–3.798)	10.498 (5.550–29.022)
Tritriacontane (C33)	0.992 (0.345–3.801)	0.518 (0.038–3.617)	12.297(5.663–22.460)
Tetratriacontane (C34)	0.286 (<DL–1.352)	0.190 (<DL–1.689)	6.774 (3.591–9.015)
Oxygenated aromatic compounds
4-Nitrophenol (4-NO2-Phen)	0.727 (0.204–1.667)	0.408 (<DL–1.840)	9.471 (2.599–25.090)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (2-OH-BA)	0.724 (0.204–1.473)	0.545 (0.086–1.827)	13.774 (4.367–38.145)
3-Hydroxybenzoic acid (3-OH-BA)	0.144 (<DL–0.467)	0.052 (<DL–0.469)	6.298 (2.144–18.535)
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (4-OH-BA)	0.687 (0.349–1.096)	0.272 (0.022–0.988)	9.963 (2.201–32.593)
4-Methylphthalic acid (4-Me-PhA)	2.719 (1.287–6.420)	1.245 (0.103–6.706)	17.871 (5.490–44.862)
Para-phthalic acid (p-PhA)	1.666 (0.660–3.385)	1.452 (0.288–3.716)	11.667 (2.980–34.641)
Meta-phthalic acid (m-PhA)	0.487 (0.209–1.158)	0.358 (0.145–0.775)	9.232 (1.410–29.403)
Ortho-phthalic acid (o-PhA)	10.481 (<DL–23.689)	11.672 (4.664–22.977)	53.311 (18.578–162.944)
1,2,3-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,3-BA)	2.725 (0.731–4.837)	3.029 (0.814–8.409)	15.760 (1.434–52.148)
1,2,4-Tricarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4-BA)	3.307 (1.194–16.006)	2.460 (0.796–5.831)	23.465 (2.540–67.539)
1,2,4,5-Tetracarboxylic benzoic acid (1,2,4,5-BA)	0.579 (0.220–1.508)	0.391 (0.059–0.909)	5.808 (0.523–17.536)

The mean values of atmospheric concentrations observed are given with either the ranges (two values in a bracket) or the standard deviations (a single value in a bracket).