Religious Participation, Gender Differences, and Cognitive Impairment among the Oldest-Old in China
Table 2
Estimated Odds Ratios for religious participation, demographics, and mediators, on cognitive impairment for Women (Logistic Regression Estimate: Oldest-Old Chinese 1998).
Variable
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Religious participation
.56***
.62***
.70**
(–.58)
(–.47)
(–.36)
Positive psychological feelings
Optimism (%)
.31***
.32***
(–1.18)
(–1.14)
Happiness (%)
.50***
.54***
(–.69)
(–.61)
Leisure activities
Exercise (%)
.70***
(–.36)
Garden work, grow vegetables (%)
.71
(–.34)
Reading newspaper or books (%)
.95
(–.05)
Playing cards and/or mah-jong (%)
.34***
(–1.08)
Watching TV and/or Listening to radio
.63***
(–.46)
Number of ADL disabilities (0–6)
1.56***
1.49***
1.44***
(.44)
(.40)
(.37)
Demographics
Age (years)
1.11***
1.11***
1.10***
(.10)
(.11)
(.10)
Literate (%)
.49***
.49***
.56***
(–.72)
(–.72)
(–.58)
Urban residence (%)
.72***
.80**
.92
(–.33)
(–.22)
(–.09)
Married (%)
.56*
.55*
.57*
(–.58)
(–.59)
(–.59)
Han (%)
.99
1.21
1.32*
(–.01)
(.19)
(.28)
–2 Log Likelihood
4935.77
4515.80
4424.91
/d.f.
1712.23/7
2132.20/9
2223.09/14
Notes: (a) ADL = activity of daily living; (b) ,187; (c) *; **; ***; (d) Two-tailed significance test is used; (e) Unstandardized logistic regression coefficients are presented in parentheses.
