Religious Participation, Gender Differences, and Cognitive Impairment among the Oldest-Old in China
Table 3
Estimated Odds Ratios for religious participation, demographics, and mediators, on cognitive impairment for Men (Logistic Regression Estimate: Oldest-Old Chinese 1998).
Variable
Model 1
Model 2
Model 3
Religious participation
.35***
.39***
.46**
(–1.06)
(–.95)
(–.79)
Psychological status
Optimism (%)
.27***
.37***
(–1.33)
(–.99)
Happiness (%)
.37***
.41***
(–.99)
(–.89)
Leisure activities
Exercise (%)
.75+
(–.29)
Garden work, grow vegetables (%)
.84
(–.18)
Reading newspaper or books (%)
.81
(–.21)
Playing cards and/or mah-jong (%)
.61*
(–.49)
Watching TV and/or Listening to radio
.45***
(–.79)
Number of ADL disabilities (0–6)
1.73***
1.64***
1.57***
(.55)
(.50)
(.45)
Demographics
Age (years)
1.09***
1.10***
1.09***
(.08)
(.09)
(.08)
Literate (%)
.55***
.60***
.74*
(–.60)
(–.51)
(–.31)
Urban residence (%)
.80+
.98
1.23
(–.22)
(.02)
(.21)
Married (%)
.57***
.57***
.59***
(–.57)
(–.57)
(–.54)
Han (%)
.73
.86
.99
(–.32)
(–.15)
(.01)
–2 Log Likelihood
2088.44
1860.94
1800.54
/d.f.
736.51/7
964.02/9
1024.42/14
Notes: (a) ADL = activity of daily living; (b) ,516; (c) *; **; ***; (d) Two-tailed significance test is used; (e) Unstandardized logistic regression coefficients are presented in parentheses.
