Research Article
Humor Therapy: Relieving Chronic Pain and Enhancing Happiness for Older Adults
Table 1
Demographic data for participants of experimental and control groups.
| | Experimental group (%) = 36 mean (SD) | Control group (%) = 34 mean (SD) | -value# |
|
Sex | .052 |
| Female | 15 (42) | 23 (68) | | Male | 21 (58) | 11 (32) | |
|
Age | .365 |
| Mean | 78.25 | 79.38 | | Range | 60–89 | 65–92 | |
|
Time spent in nursing home (years) | .082 |
| 1–3 years | 15 (42) | 20 (59) | | 4–6 years | 11 (31) | 12 (35) | | 7–9 years | 6 (17) | 2 (6) | | ≥10 years | 4 (11) | 0 (0) | |
| Past health history (more than one can be selected) |
| Stroke | 5 (14) | 2 (6) | .264 | Hypertension | 17 (47) | 16 (47) | .989 | DM | 6 (17) | 14 (41) | .045* | Cardiac disease | 6 (17) | 3 (9) | .534 | Others | 23 (64) | 20 (59) | .850 |
| Pain scores (baseline) |
| Pain scores | 5.19 ± 2.12 | 5.50 ± 1.88 | .612 |
| Situation of pain (more than one can be selected) |
| Any time | 7 (19) | 8 (24) | .677 | Sleeping | 10 (28) | 13 (38) | .352 | Waking up | 5 (14) | 4 (12) | .791 | Exercising | 16 (44) | 23 (68) | .051 | Grooming | 0 (0) | 4 (12) | .109 | Others | 4 (11) | 0 (0) | .137 | No | 22 (61) | 23 (68) | |
| Use of medications as pain relief |
| Yes | 14 (39) | 11 (32) | .748 | No | 22 (61) | 23 (68) |
|
|
may not add up to 100% because of rounding. -square test was used. -value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.
|