Rapid Assessment of Age-Related Differences in Standing Balance

Table 1

Posturographic performance of young and older subjects as determined in subtests 1–7. Data are given as average percent shift of raw sensor data (% RSD) for 𝑥- and 𝑦-coordinates (Mean ± SD). Repeated measures ANOVA (rmANOVA) and 𝑡-tests were used to calculate direction-specific differences (D), group-specific differences (G), and according interactions (DG).

Subtest		𝑥	𝑦	rmANOVA	Scatter	Scatter	rmANOVA
				D: DIRECTION	(Medio-lateral)	(Anterior-posterior)	D: DIRECTION
				DG: DIRECTION * GROUP			DG: DIRECTION * GROUP
(1) Arms reached out	Young	−0.38±1.92	3.03±7.61	D: F(1,43)=16.269; 𝑃≤.001*	0.59±0.28	2.12±0.66	D: F(1,43)=332.804; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	−0.22±2.08	6.06±6.38		0.72±0.21	2.31±0.48
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.396	.079	DG: F(1,43)=1.437; 𝑃=.237	.049*	.134	DG: F(1,43)=0.160; 𝑃=.691
(2) Eyes closed	Young	0.0002±0.00	0.0007±0.00	D: F(1,43)=4.001; 𝑃=.052	0.73±0.37	2.71±0.92	D: F(1,43)=316.592; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	0.0001±0.00	0.0027±0.00		0.88±0.51	3.23±1.22
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.281	≤.001*	DG: F(1,43)=10.048; 𝑃=.003*	.127	.054	DG: F(1,43)=2.339; 𝑃=.134
(3) Arms reached out, eyes closed	Young	0.00±1.90	3.61±5.23	D: F(1,43)=41.743; 𝑃≤.001*	0.66±0.23	2.64±0.90	D: F(1,43)=373.838; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	0.14±2.15	7.80±5.38		0.97±0.46	3.47±0.94
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.410	.006*	DG: F(1,43)=5.386; 𝑃=.025*	.002*	.002*	DG: F(1,43)=4.833; 𝑃=.033*
(4) Displacement to upper right	Young	24.91±9.31	21.86±12.06	D: 𝐹(1,43)=3.231; 𝑃=.079	1.38±0.68	2.79±0.82	D: F(1,43)=160.176; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	20.76±10.82	14.64±13.79		1.63±0.69	3.37±0.97
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.087	.034*	DG: F(1,43)=0.361; 𝑃=.551	.114	.018*	DG: F(1,43)=1.720; 𝑃=.197
(5) Displacement to upper left	Young	−28.83±7.14	30.91±8.85	D: F(1,43)=341.238; 𝑃≤.001*	1.94±0.81	3.39±1.77	D: F(1,43)=41.173; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	−24.48±12.00	16.75±14.62		1.96±0.52	3.49±1.08
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.071	≤.001*	DG: F(1,43)=11.457; 𝑃=.002*	.467	.408	DG: F(1,43)=0.035; 𝑃=.853
(6) Displacement to lower right	Young	22.48±7.02	−19.32±9.96	D: F(1,43)=250.449; 𝑃≤.001*	1.46±0.63	3.11±1.02	D: F(1,43)=141.001; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	12.07±10.63	−10.01±9.94		1.86±0.77	3.78±1.39
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	≤.001*	.002*	DG: F(1,43)=23.880; 𝑃≤.001*	.031*	.036*	DG: F(1,43)=0.783; 𝑃=.381
(7) Displacement to lower left	Young	−20.47±8.05	−15.86±9.43	D: F(1,43)=5.339; 𝑃=.026*	2.14±1.11	3.22±1.31	D: F(1,43)=120.483; 𝑃≤.001*
	Old	−15.92±9.51	−9.47±10.34		1.95±1.29	3.83±1.84
	𝑡-test (𝑃)	.045*	.018*	DG: F(1,43)=0.147; 𝑃=.703	.303	.102	DG: F(1,43)=8.656; 𝑃=.005*