Relationship of Physical Performance with Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Individuals over 60 Years of Age: A Systematic Review

Table 3

Summary of instruments for physical performance (PP) tests.

Items	Sit-to-stand	Balance	Walking speed	Others
The short physical performance battery [23]	5 repetition	Tandem, semitandem, and side-by-side stands (10 seconds maximum)	4-meter
The health, aging, and body composition study Physical Performance Battery [24]	5 repetition	Tandem, semitandem, and side-by-side stands (10 seconds maximum)	6-meter at usual walking speed and 6-meter narrow walk
Summary lower-extremity performance scores [25]	5 repetition	Tandem, semi-tandem, and side-by-side stands (10 seconds maximum) Timed 360-degree turn (turning in a full circle), one to the right and one to the left	8-ft (~2.4-meter) walk
United states Physical Performance Test [26, 27]	N/A	Timed 360-degree turn	Timed 4.8-meter walking	Writing a sentence, simulating eating, lifting a book above shoulder level, putting on and removing a lab coat and picking up a coin from the floor
Continuous-scale physical-functional-performance test [28]	5 domains: upper body strength, upper body flexibility, lower body strength, balance and coordination, and endurance

References indicate the validation studies.
N/A: not available.