Impairments in Activities of Daily Living in Older Japanese Men in Hawaii and Japan

Table 2

Average age and age-adjusted risk factors in elderly men in Hawaii and Japan.

Risk factor	Hawaii (1863)*	Japan (543)	𝑃 value
Age (y)	82.5 ± 3.9^†	76.0 ± 5.1	<.001
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	147 ± 21	150 ± 21	.029
Hypertensive (%)	51.7 (980)^‡	49.4 (252)	.417
Treatment for hypertension (%)	37.3 (688)	27.6 (153)	<.001
Diabetes (%)	19.3 (341)	8.5 (47)	<.001
Body mass index (kg/m^2)	24.0 ± 3.0	21.8 ± 3.0	<.001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	194 ± 31	192 ± 35	.253
History of cardiovascular disease (%)
Myocardial infarction	6.8 (116)	3.2 (22)	.007
Stroke	5.8 (110)	6.5 (33)	.631
Either event	11.8 (215)	8.7 (51)	.077
Cigarette smoking status (%)
Past	55.3 (1010)	34.0 (202)	<.001
Current	6.6 (109)	35.6 (237)	<.001
Alcohol drinking status (%)
Past	21.5 (395)	11.9 (67)	<.001
Current	38.9 (699)	41.5 (248)	.361

*Sample size, ^†average ± standard deviation, ^‡subjects with the risk factor.