Research Article

Genetic Risk Factors for Longitudinal Changes in Structural MRI in Former Organolead Workers

Table 2

Regressiona results for delta ROI models for former lead workers and controls ( ), adjusting for confounding variables.

APOEACEVDR
ε3/ε4 + ε4/ε4cI/D, I/IdFf, ffe
ROIbBeta (SE)Beta (SE)Beta (SE)

TBV8.045 (2.621)***4.498 (2.477)2.709 (3.134)2.188 (2.429)0.537 (3.373)

TOTAL GM3.320 (1.975)*2.135 (1.839)1.236 (2.328)1.733 (1.806)0.038 (2.508)
FRONT GM1.076 (0.575)*0.645 (0.534)0.591 (0.677)0.585 (0.524)0.288 (0.729)
OCCIP GM0.241 (0.213)0.187 (0.198)0.083 (0.251)0.254 (0.194)0.106 (0.271)
PARI GM0.612 (0.301)**0.636 (0.282)**0.041 (0.357)0.104 (0.276)0.011 (0.383)
TEMP GM0.619 (0.485)0.677 (0.457)0.046 (0.578)0.709 (0.443)0.063 (0.616)

TOTAL WM5.059 (1.554)***2.402 (1.491)1.398 (1.887)0.548 (1.451)0.309 (2.012)
FRONT WM2.331 (0.666)***0.839 (0.639)0.825 (0.309)0.080 (0.623)0.248 (0.864)
OCCIP WM0.818 (0.203)***0.176 (0.195)0.051 (0.246)0.140 (0.190)0.052 (0.263)
PARI WM0.921 (0.374)**0.378 (0.358)0.291 (0.452)0.071 (0.347)0.111 (0.481)
TEMP WM0.557 (0.389)0.242 (0.367)0.477 (0.464)0.148 (0.358)0.130 (0.495)

ERC0.032 (0.024)0.008 (0.023)0.016 (0.029)0.001 (0.022)0.013 (0.031)
AMYG0.035 (0.024)0.033 (0.023)0.043 (0.029)0.013 (0.022)0.039 (0.031)
HIPPO0.070 (0.044)0.044 (0.042)0.020 (0.053)0.050 (0.040)0.057 (0.056)
CEREB0.102 (0.473)0.158 (0.447)0.043 (0.568)0.650 (0.432)0.447 (0.598)
MEDIAL0.898 (0.332)***0.231 (0.315)0.361 (0.396)0.207 (0.306)0.044 (0.424)
INSULA0.128 (0.088)0.092 (0.083)0.146 (0.104)0.010 (0.081)0.051 (0.113)
CINGULATE0.236 (0.124)*0.149 (0.116)0.047 (0.147)0.050 (0.114)0.107 (0.159)
CORP CALL0.055 (0.057)0.005 (0.054)0.039 (0.068)0.029 (0.052)0.033 (0.072)
INT CAPS0.151 (0.052)***−0.002 (0.050)0.059 (0.064)0.028 (0.049)0.058 (0.068)

*0.05 < P < 0.10; **0.01 < P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.
aModels adjusted for height, baseline ROI, control status, duration between MRIs, and education.
bROI: region of interest; TBV: total brain volume (TBV1 = TBV at first MRI); GM: gray matter; FRONT: frontal; OCCIP: occipital; PARI: parietal; TEMP: temporal; WM: white matter; ERC: entorhinal cortex; AMYG: amygdala; HIPPO: hippocampus; CEREB: cerebellum; MEDIAL: medial structures (bilateral amygdala, cuneus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, lingual gyrus, medial front-orbital gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, medial occipitotemporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, perirhinal cortex, precuneus, and uncus); CORP CALL: corpus callosum; INT CAPS: internal capsule.
cCompared to APOE3-3 as reference group; model also included terms for 22 + 23 and 24.
dCompared to D/D (homozygous for deletion) as reference group.
eCompared to FF as reference group.