Genetic Risk Factors for Longitudinal Changes in Structural MRI in Former Organolead Workers
Table 2
Regressiona results for delta ROI models for former lead workers and controls (), adjusting for confounding variables.
APOE
ACE
VDR
ε3/ε4 + ε4/ε4c
I/D, I/Id
Ff, ffe
ROIb
Beta (SE)
Beta (SE)
Beta (SE)
TBV
8.045 (2.621)***
4.498 (2.477)
−2.709 (3.134)
2.188 (2.429)
0.537 (3.373)
TOTAL GM
3.320 (1.975)*
2.135 (1.839)
−1.236 (2.328)
1.733 (1.806)
−0.038 (2.508)
FRONT GM
1.076 (0.575)*
0.645 (0.534)
−0.591 (0.677)
0.585 (0.524)
0.288 (0.729)
OCCIP GM
0.241 (0.213)
0.187 (0.198)
−0.083 (0.251)
0.254 (0.194)
0.106 (0.271)
PARI GM
0.612 (0.301)**
0.636 (0.282)**
−0.041 (0.357)
0.104 (0.276)
−0.011 (0.383)
TEMP GM
0.619 (0.485)
0.677 (0.457)
0.046 (0.578)
0.709 (0.443)
−0.063 (0.616)
TOTAL WM
5.059 (1.554)***
2.402 (1.491)
−1.398 (1.887)
0.548 (1.451)
0.309 (2.012)
FRONT WM
2.331 (0.666)***
0.839 (0.639)
−0.825 (0.309)
−0.080 (0.623)
−0.248 (0.864)
OCCIP WM
0.818 (0.203)***
0.176 (0.195)
−0.051 (0.246)
0.140 (0.190)
0.052 (0.263)
PARI WM
0.921 (0.374)**
0.378 (0.358)
−0.291 (0.452)
0.071 (0.347)
0.111 (0.481)
TEMP WM
0.557 (0.389)
0.242 (0.367)
−0.477 (0.464)
−0.148 (0.358)
0.130 (0.495)
ERC
0.032 (0.024)
0.008 (0.023)
0.016 (0.029)
−0.001 (0.022)
−0.013 (0.031)
AMYG
0.035 (0.024)
0.033 (0.023)
−0.043 (0.029)
0.013 (0.022)
−0.039 (0.031)
HIPPO
0.070 (0.044)
0.044 (0.042)
−0.020 (0.053)
0.050 (0.040)
0.057 (0.056)
CEREB
0.102 (0.473)
0.158 (0.447)
−0.043 (0.568)
0.650 (0.432)
0.447 (0.598)
MEDIAL
0.898 (0.332)***
0.231 (0.315)
−0.361 (0.396)
0.207 (0.306)
0.044 (0.424)
INSULA
0.128 (0.088)
0.092 (0.083)
−0.146 (0.104)
0.010 (0.081)
−0.051 (0.113)
CINGULATE
0.236 (0.124)*
0.149 (0.116)
−0.047 (0.147)
0.050 (0.114)
−0.107 (0.159)
CORP CALL
0.055 (0.057)
0.005 (0.054)
0.039 (0.068)
−0.029 (0.052)
−0.033 (0.072)
INT CAPS
0.151 (0.052)***
−0.002 (0.050)
−0.059 (0.064)
−0.028 (0.049)
−0.058 (0.068)
*0.05 < P < 0.10; **0.01 < P < 0.05; ***P < 0.01.
aModels adjusted for height, baseline ROI, control status, duration between MRIs, and education.
bROI: region of interest; TBV: total brain volume (TBV1 = TBV at first MRI); GM: gray matter; FRONT: frontal; OCCIP: occipital; PARI: parietal; TEMP: temporal; WM: white matter; ERC: entorhinal cortex; AMYG: amygdala; HIPPO: hippocampus; CEREB: cerebellum; MEDIAL: medial structures (bilateral amygdala, cuneus, entorhinal cortex, hippocampal formation, lingual gyrus, medial front-orbital gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, medial occipitotemporal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, perirhinal cortex, precuneus, and uncus); CORP CALL: corpus callosum; INT CAPS: internal capsule.
cCompared to APOE3-3 as reference group; model also included terms for 22 + 23 and 24.
dCompared to D/D (homozygous for deletion) as reference group.
eCompared to FF as reference group.