|
N (%F)
Mean age | Inclusion criteria | Intervention characteristics | Outcome measurese | Quality | Reference |
|
194 (71)
81 | >60, living in LTC and experiencing ADL disabilityd | Multicomponent one-on-one training (physical therapy), 16 weeks, 3/week, 30–45 min/session | Cognition (MMSE), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale); test batteries (physical disability index); ADL disability (Katz ADL); QOL (sickness impact profile); utilization of resources (health care cost) | 5 | [69] |
191 (73)
85 | >65, living in LTC and experiencing ADL disabilityd | High-intensity functional multicomponent training (resistance, balance, and walking), 12 weeks, 2-3/week, 45 min/session, 8–12 rep based on 1RM | Muscle function (lower strength); walking speed (2.4 meters test); balance (BBS); falls (incident rate) | 5 | [45, 46] |
190 (84)
88 | Nursing home residents, incontinenced | Functional multicomponent training (aerobic, resistance), 32 weeks, 5/week, 75% of maximum workload | Biochemical status (lymphocyte subpopulations); cardio (exercise HR); muscle function (upper strength); PA (motion sensors and staff observations); mobility endurance (walked or wheeled distance) | 5 | [70] |
97 (84)
84 | >65, physically restrained nursing home residents, extremely impaired both cognitively and physicallyd | Mutlicomponent training (aerobic, resistance, mobility, and safety practice), 9 weeks, 3/week, 10% increase/week | Psychosocial state (safety score); muscle function (upper strength and endurance); flexibility (rowing ROM); mobility endurance (walk time, wheel time); chair rises (30 sec) | 3 | [68] |
30 (50)
81 | Living in LTC, mild cognitive impairmentd | Multicomponent training (aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility), 4 weeks | Psychosocial state (behavioral problems and use of antipsychotic and hypnotic medications) | 1 | [81] |
20 (75)
88 | >65, living in LTCd | Multicomponent training (resistance, flexibility), 48 weeks, 3/week, 60 min/session, 1 × 5–2 × 10 rep | Cognition (MMSE); TUG; balance (BBS); test batteries (PPT) | 5 | [71] |
71
82 | Living in LTCd | Multicomponent training (aerobic, resistance, balance, flexibility, and coordination), 48 weeks, 2/week, 10–60 min | Psychosocial state (class satisfaction); PA (daily activity level); chair rises | 4 | [93] |
68 (87)
80 | Living in LTCd | Multicomponent training (resistance, balance, flexibility, and walking), 16 weeks, 3/week, 45 min/session | Muscle function (lower and upper strength); flexibility (sit and reach, shoulder flexion); walking speed (7 meters test); TUG; stair climb (3 steps); balance (BBS); ADL disability (FIM) | 5 | [95] |
100 (63)
87 | >75, living in LTCd | High-intensity progressive resistance training of the hip and knee extensors, 10 weeks, 3/week, 45 min/session, 3 × 8 at 80% 1RM | Body composition (weight, muscle mass, muscle fiber distribution); nutrition (energy intake); biochemical (muscle damage and regeneration, central nuclei, IGF-1); muscle function (lower strength); PA (activity monitor); walking speed (6.1 meters test); stair climb (4 steps) | 3 | [49–51] |
22
82 | >70, living in LTCd | Progressive resistance training, 10 weeks, 3/week, 3 × 8 rep at 40% and 80% 1RM | Muscle function (KE strength and endurance); mobility endurance (6-minute walking test); chair rises (3 times); stair climb (4 steps); ADL disability (health assessment questionnaire disability index subscale) | 5 | [82] |
41 (80)
81 | Living in LTCd | Resistance training with music, 28 weeks, 2/week, 45 min/session | Cognition (MMSE), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale); muscle function (grip strength); flexibility (KE and KF, spinal flexion ROM); chair rises; balance (postural sway); ADL disability (Barthel Index) | 3 | [79] |
25 (76)
83 | Living in LTCd | Progressive lower body resistance training (aimed at improving muscle power), 10 weeks, 3/week, 20–60 min/session | Muscle function (KE strength and power); walking speed (6 meters test); chair rises (30 sec); TUG | 3 | [94] |
21 (90)
90 | Living in LTCd | Resistance training of knee extensors and flexors, 12 weeks, 3/week, 45 min/session, 3 × 8 rep at 50–80% 1RM | Biochemical status (inflammatory markers); muscle function (KE and KF strength) | 2 | [83] |
278 (68)
85 | Frail and prefrail (Fried’s frailty phenotype)a | Functional walking, balance, 20 weeks, 2/week, 90 min/session | Test Batteries (POMA, physical performance score based on 4 tests); ALD Disability (GARS); Falls (incident rate) | 5 | [80] |
27 (100)
82 | >70, living in LTCd | Visual feedback-based balance training, 4 weeks, 3/week, 20–30 min/session | PA (interview); balance (postural sway, weights shifting, BBS); falls (incident rate, fear of falling) | 3 | [47, 48] |
32 (78)
83 | Living in LTCd | Treadmill walking training, 24 weeks, 1–3/week, 50–70% of the maximum speed | Neurological (auditory stimulus reaction time); walking speed (10 meters test); balance (one leg stance, functional reach); falls (incident rate, time to first fall) | 2 | [87] |
30
77 | >65, inactivity, ADL disabilityc | Water training (resistance, flexibility, activities of daily living (ADL) exercises, and relaxation), 24 weeks, 1-2/week, 60 min/session, intensity based on Borg’s RPE scale | ADL disability (FIM); QOL (SF-36) | 5 | [89] |
24 (63)
78 | Living in LTC and experiencing ADL disabilityd | Whole body vibration training, 6 weeks, 3/week | Muscle function (lower and upper strength); flexibility (back scratch, chair sit-and-reach); chair rises (30 sec); TUG; test batteries (POMA) | 5 | [84] |
145 (100)
86 | Living in LTCd | Exercise therapy using the Takizawa Program, 12 weeks, 3/week | Flexibility (shoulder, knee, ankle dorsiflex ROM); ADL disability (FIM) | 5 | [90] |
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