| | Physical & psychosocial determinants | Functional ability | Adverse health consequences | Reference |
| | All studies | 60% | 71% | 39% | [22–96] |
| | Age | | | | | | 71–79 years | 43% | 48% | 23% | [22–29, 43, 44, 60–63, 65, 66, 72, 73, 84, 89, 92] | | 80–90 years | 66% | 76% | 44% | [30–42, 45–59, 64, 67–71, 74–83, 85–88, 90, 91, 93–96] |
| | Sex | | | | | | Women > men | 61% | 73% | 39% | [22–60, 63, 64, 66–71, 74–80, 82–85, 87–96] | | Men > women | 53% | 54% | — | [61, 62, 65, 72, 73, 81, 86] |
| | Living arrangement | | | | | | Long term care | 76% | 78% | 50% | [45–51, 68–71, 79–84, 87, 89, 90, 93–95] | | Community | 57% | 77% | 44% | [22–42, 60–66, 74, 75, 77, 86] | | Retirement home | 41% | 53% | 40% | [52–56, 67, 78, 91] | | Hospital care | 50% | 64% | 25% | [57–59, 72, 73, 76, 85, 92, 96] |
| | Include operational definition | | | | | | Yes | 50% | 64% | 30% | [22–40, 52–56, 60, 62–65, 74, 75, 77, 78, 80, 92] | | No | 68% | 75% | 48% | [41–51, 57–59, 61, 63, 66–73, 76, 79, 81–91, 93–96] |
| | Include moderate frail | | | | | | Yes | 62% | 82% | 50% | [30–40, 52–56, 62, 64, 80] | | No | 60% | 68% | 36% | [22–29, 41–51, 57–61, 63, 65–79, 81–96] |
| | Type of intervention | | | | | | Multicomponent training | 58% | 75% | 40% | [22–37, 41, 42, 45, 46, 57–61, 64, 66, 68–71, 74–78, 81, 85, 91, 93, 95, 96] | | Resistance training | 67% | 61% | 27% | [38–40, 43, 44, 49–51, 62, 63, 65, 67, 72, 73, 79, 82, 83, 92, 94] |
| | Frequency of intervention | | | | | | 2/week | 51% | 67% | 35% | [22–29, 41, 42, 52–59, 74, 75, 79, 80, 86, 91, 93, 96] | | 3/week | 62% | 72% | 39% | [30–40, 43, 44, 47–51, 60–65, 67–69, 71, 73, 76–78, 82–84, 90, 92, 94, 95] |
| | Duration of intervention | | | | | | 1–4 months | 61% | 70% | 30% | [22–29, 41–51, 57–59, 61, 63–65, 67–69, 72–76, 81–84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94–96] | | 5–18 months | 59% | 74% | 52% | [30–40, 52–56, 60, 62, 66, 70, 71, 77–80, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93] |
| | Duration per session of intervention | | | | | | 30–45 minutes | 60% | 78% | 43% | [22–29, 45–51, 63, 69, 75, 77, 79, 83, 85, 86, 88, 95] | | 60–90 minutes | 49% | 60% | 38% | [41–44, 52–62, 66, 67, 71, 74, 78, 80, 89, 91, 96] |
| | Methodological quality | | | | | | 0–4 Jadad score | 60% | 69% | 33% | [22–29, 38–44, 47–51, 57–59, 61–64, 67, 68, 74, 77–79, 81, 83, 85–88, 91, 93, 94, 96] | | 5 Jadad score | 60% | 72% | 42% | [30–37, 45, 46, 52–56, 60, 65, 66, 69–73, 75, 76, 80, 82, 84, 89, 90, 92, 95] |
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