Health Status and Health Determinants of Older Immigrant Women in Canada: A Scoping Review

Table 1

Summary of charted data.

Author information	Sample information	Research design	Focus area
Lai (2004) [15]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China; Age: 65+ years; Sample size: 444; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: bivariate association using Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Spearman’s correlation test	Mental health
Chau and Lai (2011) [16]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: hierarchical multiple regression analysis	Physical and mental health
Lai (2011a) [17]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China; Age: 65+ years; Sample size: 151; Location: Calgary	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: telephone survey; Analysis: multiple regression analysis	Mental health
Lai (2011b) [18]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: hierarchical logistic regression analysis	Abuse
Lai and Surood (2009) [19]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: multiple stepwise regression analysis	Health beliefs
MacEntee et al. (2012) [20]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China, Hong Kong; Age: 65+ years; Sample size: 51; Location: Vancouver and Melbourne	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: focus groups; Analysis: thematic analysis	Health beliefs
Tieu et al. (2010) [21]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China; Age: 55–87 years; Sample size: 53; Location: Calgary	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: interview; Analysis: multiple chi-square analyses	Health beliefs
Lai et al. (2007) [22]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries.; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: hierarchical multiple regression using stepwise method	Health beliefs
Jette and Vertinsky (2011) [23]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China; Age: 65+; Sample size: 15; Location: Vancouver	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: in-depth semistructured interviews; Analysis: thematic analysis	Health behaviour
Green et al. (2010) [24]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: European and Asian; Age: 50+ years; Sample size: 1,996; Location: British Columbia	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: phone-administered survey; Analysis: multivariate logistic regression	Health behaviour
Johnson and Garcia (2003) [25]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Cambodian, Latin-American, Vietnamese, and Polish; Age: mean age = 68 ± 6 years; Sample size: 54; Location: London, Ontario	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: questionnaire and questionnaire-guided interviews; Analysis: descriptive analysis using SPSS	Health behaviour
Fornazzari et al. (2009) [26]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Latin America; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 125; Location: Greater Toronto Area	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: questionnaires and scales; Analysis: descriptive analysis using SPSS	Health beliefs
Sun et al. (2010) [27]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Asia; Age: 50–69 years; Sample size: 508; Location: Canada	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: data from the Canadian Community Health Survey cycle 2.1 (2003); Analysis: multivariate logistic regression analyses	Health promotion and chronic disease prevention
Todd et al. (2011) [28]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China; Age: 50+ years; (mean 63.61); Sample size: 103; Location: Ontario	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: interviews; Analysis: Fisher's exact tests and independent sample tests, multivariate logistic regression	Health promotion and chronic disease prevention
Donnelly (2006) [29]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Vietnam; Age: 49–78 years; Sample size: 15; Location: Western Canadian city	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: interviews; semistructured questionnaire using open-ended questions; Analysis: qualitative data/thematic analysis	Health promotion and chronic disease prevention
Lofters et al. (2010) [30]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: East Asia and Pacific, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, USA, Australia and New Zealand, and Western Europe; Age: 50–66 years (mean 56.2); Sample size: 88,447; Location: Ontario	Method: quantitative; Design: population-based cohort study; Collection: Landed; Immigrant Data System; Analysis: multivariate Poisson regression	Health promotion and chronic disease prevention
Choudhry et al. (2002) [31]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: South Asian; Age: 58 and 68 years and 40 and 60 years; Sample size: 13; Location: in and around Toronto	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: focus group discussions; Analysis: reflexive and dialectical critique	Health promotion and chronic disease prevention
Lai and Chau (2007) [32]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries.; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: multiple regression analysis	Healthcare access
Lai and Kalyniak (2005) [33]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Vietnam, and other Southeast Asian countries.; Age: 55+ years; Sample size: 2,272; Location: Victoria, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Toronto, and Montreal	Method: mixed; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: face-to-face interview; Analysis: hierarchical logistic regression analysis	Healthcare utilization
Ballantyne et al. (2011) [34]	Ethnicity or country/continent of birth/origin: China, Hong Kong, Vietnam, and Portugal; Age: 65+ years; Sample size: 30; Location: Toronto	Method: qualitative; Design: cross-sectional; Collection: interview; Analysis: inductive content analysis	Healthcare service utilization