Death Anxiety, Reliability, Validity, and Factorial Structure of the Farsi Form of the Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety in Iranian Old-Aged Persons

Table 1

Mean and standard deviation of the Arabic Death Anxiety Scale items in Iranian elders.

(ASDA) items	M (SD)	M (SD)	M (SD)
	Total	Women	Men
(1) I fear death whenever I because ill.	2.41 (1.45)	2.89 (1.44)	2.12 (1.39)	3.16	.002
(2) I fear looking at the dead.	1.95 (1.26)	2.50 (1.48)	1.63 (.97)	4.11	.000
(3) I fear visiting graves.	2.01 (1.39)	2.65 (1.58)	1.62 (1.09)	4.51	.000
(4) The possibility of having a surgical operation terrifies me.	2.58 (1.49)	3.29 (1.33)	2.11 (1.41)	4.95	.000
(5) I am afraid of suffering heart attack.	3.07 (1.45)	3.77 (1.10)	2.62 (1.47)	4.99	.000
(6) I worry that death deprives me of someone dear to me.	3.58 (1.49)	4.12 (1.07)	3.30 (1.60)	3.38	.001
(7) I am apprehensive of unknown things after death.	2.79 (1.57)	3.43 (1.35)	2.40 (1.57)	4.02	.000
(8) I am afraid of looking at a corpse.	1.90 (1.29)	2.34 (1.52)	1.65 (1.05)	3.15	.002
(9) I fear the torture of the grave.	2.99 (1.55)	3.75 (1.32)	2.57 (1.51)	4.76	.000
(10) I fear getting a serious disease.	3.32 (1.45)	3.98 (1.08)	2.93 (1.50)	4.51	.000
(11) Witnessing the burial procedure terrifies me.	1.97 (1.35)	2.37 (1.53)	1.67 (1.12)	3.11	.002
(12) I dread walking in graveyards.	1.67 (1.10)	2.01 (1.31)	1.46 (.88)	2.95	.004
(13) I am preoccupied with thinking about what will happen after death.	2.57 (1.51)	3.22 (1.45)	2.20 (1.42)	4.13	.000
(14) I am afraid of sleeping and not waking up again.	2.34 (1.59)	2.93 (1.75)	1.93 (1.31)	3.80	.000
(15) The pain accompanying death terrifies me.	3.19 (1.43)	3.75 (1.04)	2.85 (1.55)	3.84	.000
(16) I get upset by witnessing a funeral.	2.08 (1.33)	2.48 (1.42)	1.87 (1.23)	2.66	.009
(17) The sight of a dying person frightens me.	2.45 (1.40)	3.13 (1.35)	2.10 (1.27)	4.58	.000
(18) Talking about death upsets me.	2.14 (1.36)	2.63 (1.43)	1.87 (1.26)	3.30	.001
(19) I am afraid of getting cancer.	3.47 (1.54)	4.03 (1.12)	3.16 (1.68)	3.42	.001
(20) I fear death.	2.51 (1.60)	3.00 (1.62)	2.21 (1.52)	2.91	.004
Total score of the ASDA	51.09 (20.19)	62.36 (17.00)	44.33 (18.93)	5.75	.000